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What are Fronts? An interface (boundary) between 2 air masses Conditions at the front are unstable and usually associated with precipitation Types of Fronts: Page 13 in R.T. Cold Fronts: Cold air moves into an area occupied by warm air The colder, denser air quickly pushes under the warm air The warm air rises, producing tall, thick clouds Precipitation occurs – moves quickly and violently Temperatures are cooler behind a cold front, and warmer ahead of the cold front. Cold Front Animation Warm Fronts: Warm air mass moves into an area occupied by cool air The warmer, less dense air slowly moves over cold air mass Warm air slowly rises, expands, cools, and clouds form Lasts for a longer period of time Temperatures are warmer behind a warm front, and cooler ahead of the front. Warm Front Animation What is Severe Weather? A tornado warning is issued …..how do you prepare? A hurricane is a few days away…..how do you prevent damage from occurring? You live on the coast….how do you prepare for a hurricane? You live in Kansas…how do you prepare for a tornado? Hurricanes Hurricanes: A low pressure system with winds blowing counterclockwise in speeds in excess of 74 mph. Hurricane season from June 1 to November 30 Form at low latitudes over warm, tropical water (off the coast of Africa) Lose their energy as they come onto land Long island history • The Long Island Express (1938): Cat 3 • The Great Atlantic Hurricane (1944): Cat 4 • Carol (1954): Cat 3 • Donna (1960) Cat 3 • Gloria (1985) Cat 1 FYI!!!!!! • Long Island is brushed every 6 years • Long Island has a direct hit every 28 years • Last one……Tropical Storm Charley in 2004 • Next predicted brush with fate…… • 2010 Hurricane Gloria 1985 1992 – Hurricane Andrew KATRINA The Eye of the storm: The central area of calm weather Violent winds surround the eye. Hurricane winds and storm surge (flooding) cause severe damage to coastal areas Storm Surge Hurricane Damage The Saffir-Simpson Scale A scale (1-5) used to classify hurricanes Based on wind speed, air pressure, storm surge, and expected damage Category 1 Hurricane Category 4 Hurricane Tornado Alley cP mT What are Tornadoes? Low pressure systems that form when warm, moist (mT) air collides with cold, dry air (cP) Produce funnel shaped clouds Winds blow counterclockwise in speeds from mph 40 -318 mph Vortex – center of funnel (very low pressure) Destruction is sudden and unpredictable A funnel cloud lowers towards the ground The Funnel of a tornado touched down on May 12, 1997, in Miami, Florida Not Smart… Tornadoes that form over water are called water spouts Tornado path Tornado Damage Aerial View of Tornado Destruction What are the differences between hurricanes and tornadoes? Hurricanes are larger than tornadoes Hurricanes can be watched and tracked for days, whereas tornadoes are extremely hard to predict and only last for a few minutes. Hurricanes form over water and lose energy over land, whereas tornadoes form over land. Tornado winds are much faster A tornado warning is issued …..how do you prepare? A hurricane is a few days away…..how do you prevent damage from occurring? You live on the coast….how do you prepare for a hurricane? You live in Kansas…how do you prepare for a tornado? What to do???? A hurricane is coming... Board up the windows Tie down any loose outside objects Stock up on nonperishable items Evacuate to higher ground Hurricanes could affect your area…. Stock up on bottled water and non-perishable items Have batteries, candles and flashlights Have a generator handy Have an evacuation route prepared Build house with hurricane proof materials Don’t live near the water!!!! And……….. A tornado warning is issued… Move to the center of your house away from windows Move to a basement or storm cellar If in a field….crouch down low in a ditch You live in tornado alley….. Have non-perishable food items ready Have candles, batteries and flashlights Build your house with tornado resistant materials Have a storm cellar installed