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Tying It All Together Weather and the Sun Winds Equator receives more direct sunlight, making it warmer. This warm air rises to poles, cools, sinks Pressure belts around every 30 degrees latitudes. (bands of high and low pressure) Winds Areas of calm are created when air cools and sinks (horse latitudes) or warms rapidly before it moves very far (doldrums). Global Winds Polar Easterlies: from 60-90 degrees latitudes. – Formed as cold, sinking air moves from poles to the south. – Brings U.S. cold arctic air Westerlies: 30-60 degrees laittudes -flow toward poles from west to east. -US get most weather from these Global winds Trade Winds– 30 degrees latitudes, almost to equator – Curve to west – used by traders to sail from Europe to US Doldrums – Around equator (0 degrees) – Very little wind because warm, rising air creates low pressure. Global Winds Horse Latitudes – – – – 30 degrees Sinking air creates high pressure Causes weak winds Horses thrown over to save drinking water Jet Stream– Narrow belt of high speed winds that blow in upper Troposphere – Jets use them to save time: Seattle to Boston, 30 minutes faster than Boston to Seattle Local Winds Role of the Sun Heats the air, Earth, Ocean – Warms Earth that warms the air above it. – Hot air rises, causing: Convection Currents, warming our atmosphere – Warms the water: causing the air above the water to warm the land nearby AND causing water to evaporate, leading to precipitation – Causes a temperature change, which causes a density change, which cause the air pressure to change. This causes wind. Role of the Sun – Wind creates ocean currents that warm the air above them, warming the land nearby. – Evaporates water, that water cools, condenses into clouds. This water falls as precipitation. Wind Unequal Heating of Earth’s surface creates differences in air pressure. Difference in air pressure create wind by areas of high pressure rushing into areas of low pressure Winds curve because of Earth’s rotation. This is called the Coriolis Effect. Winds blow from the equator to the poles in large convection currents because of the temperature differences between the equator and the poles. Air Masses Large masses of air form over water, land, poles, equator These air masses bring wet, dry, cold and warm air These masses get picked up by the winds and moved around Fronts These air masses meet at fronts THIS is where the weather is not so nice The air does not mix. Warm gets pushed up by denser, colder air Warm air holds more water This water cools and condenses into clouds Severe Weather Some of these fronts cause severe weather Cold fronts ususally start tornadoes and hurricanes