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Animals 80,000 Plants 60,000 40,000 Fungi 20,000 The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Third Edition Edited by John Dighton, James F White Jr. and Peter Oudemans CRC Press 06 20 05 20 03 02 01 00 99 98 04 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 97 19 96 95 19 19 94 0 19 GenBank Taxonomy nodes 100,000 “Many of our unidentifiable sequences may represent novel lineages with no representatives known from cultures or fruiting bodies, but almost all SSU sequences clustered with known fungal groups in phylogenetic analyses, suggesting that they represent known fungi which are not yet in the ITS database.” O’Brien et al. 2005. 800k+ specimens 100+ in GenBank GenBank ? Kew 9.5k+ species (Nilsson et al. ‘06) Nature 5+ million fungal species (O’Brien et al. ‘05) “Closing the sequence gap: Fungal DNA barcoding at Kew” All UK hypogeous, puffballs, earthstars, waxcaps and tooth fungi. Two specimens per species from different UK counties. ITS for 516 specimens. Manual vs. robotic purification vs. robotic extraction+purification. 2005 seed grant from The Royal Society. “known fungi which are not yet in the ITS database” no data match identified sequences match unidentified sequences Hygrocybe spp. others Geastrum spp. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. species list entry not in GenBank HerbTrack <30yrs old And about 100k specimens to go… sampling DNA extraction + purification PCR DNA sequencing [email protected] BLAST + comparison to conspecific GenBank