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Transcript
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS Objectives: 1. Be able to define each level of ecological organization 2. Identify 3 ways organisms can interact 3. Name and explain the 3 categories or symbiosis 4. How do organisms affect the balance of life in their ecosystem ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Ecosystem the communities of organisms that live in a particular area, with their nonliving surroundings Community all the different populations (biotic) that live in an area together Population all the members of one species in a particular area Organism each individual living thing Niche • Everything an organism does or needs in its environment • Its job or role in the environment Competition • Struggle between organisms to obtain things they need for survival (food, water, shelter, light) • Competition can be within a population or between populations of different species using the same resource • i.e. rabbits competing for food in a field or rabbits competing with squirrels for suitable shelter Predation • To catch, kill, and eat another organism • The animal being caught is referred to as the PREY • i.e. fox hunts and eats a rabbit Symbiosis • Close relationship between two organisms where at least one of them derives some benefit • 3 categories of symbiosis –Commensalism –Mutualism –Parasitism Commensalism • One organism benefits and the other is NOT harmed (+, 0) • i.e. dust mites on your arm Nemo and sea anemone Mutualism • Both organisms benefit (+, +) • i.e. human intestinal bacteria. They get food from us and give us vitamins Bee collects pollen to make honey. Flower uses bee to spread pollen to other flowers Parasitism • One organism benefits and the other is harmed (+, -) • i.e. athlete’s foot, tapeworm Tapeworms live in the intestines and steal nutrients from the host Life in Balance • Maintaining a stable environment is HOMEOSTASIS • As organisms use resources in their environment and interact with other organisms, they upset the natural balance and must continually adapt to survive • Over time this leads to permanent changes in the species EVOLUTION