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Download Age of Discovery and Trade Part 1: Exploring the East
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Age of Discovery and Trade Part 1: Exploring the East The Portuguese Objectives Explain the 3 main motives for exploration. Trace the rise and fall of the Portuguese trading empire. Discuss the shift in power from the Portuguese to the Dutch in controlling the spice trade Exploration Causes – The Renaissance and Reformation – The Crusades – opened trade Marco Polo – China 1200’s Why did they want to explore? 1. Money (Gold) 2. Religion (God) 3. Famous (Glory) Technology made it happen Compass Carvel Astrolabe Triangular Sail Portugal: the first to explore Prince Henry the Navigator: – Catholic – Wanted route to China – Created a navigational school Spain and Portugal 1400’s Prince Henry 1394-1460 Portugal in the East trading posts on Africa’s coasts Bartholomew Dias: rounded the Cape of Good Hope, 1488 Vasco de Gama: all sea route directly to India. Bartholomew Dias Vasco da Gama Portugal’s Trading Empire Direct sea route to India – Ousted the Muslim traders – Made Asian goods cheaper by cutting out the middle man – Italians/Muslims Portuguese Empire Nature of Trade India China •Textiles •Spices (Black pepper) •Tea ( introduced from China by Europeans ) •Opium ( for export to China ) •Entrepot for goods from other countries •Silk •Porcelain (china) •Tea Moluccan Islands Spices: Nutmeg, Cloves and Mace Java Coffee, Tea Ceylon Cinnamon & Pearls Elephants for India then Tea Spain Ferdinand Magellan: looking for a route to Asia in the west, ended up in the Philippines circumnavigated the world, 1521 Ferdinand Magellan Magellan strait The Rest of Europe The Dutch (the Netherlands) and the English: worked together to oust the Portuguese from Asia The Dutch dominated controlled Indonesia and Southeast Asia; the English controlled India. Beginnings of the British Empire Pax Britannica 1815-1914 France entered and was not as successful East India Trading Companies – These companies could make treaties, raise armies In the East they looked for treasures and wealth; the West will be different Explorer Country location dates motives extras Magellan Who they sailed for Where they went When they went Why they went What they found ect… Dais Da Gama Prince Henry Assignment #1 Why were Europeans in the East? Causes 1. Supporting detail Cause 1. Supporting detail 1. Cause Supporting detail Part 2 The Spanish objectives Explain why the Spanish set out west to find the east Describe the effects of Spanish settlement on the Native Americans Spain Before Spanish enslavement Spanish enslavement Christopher Columbus Sponsored by Spain to find an all sea route to Asia going west Spain’s rival was Portugal In 1492 Columbus discovered what he thought was the East Indies (Indonesia) hence the name “Indians” Reality it was the Caribbean All islands “discovered” were claimed for Spain his goal was to settle these lands (colonization) Christopher Columbus Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Portugal Vespucci worked for – after his voyage he said this land was a “new world”, not Asia In 1507, the whole new area was named after him: America Spain Builds An Empire The Spanish were the first settlers in the new world - St Augstine, FL – Spain builds colonies in North, Central and South America Spanish explorers were called conquistadors (conquerors) Cortes and Aztecs Hernando Cortes: landed in Mexico looking for gold Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a god – Cortes took their gold and forced them to mine for more Aztecs honoring Cortez 1520, Aztecs rebelled 1521, Cortes had conquered the Aztecs. How? 1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes 2. Better weapons 3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all native peoples in the America’s Spanish conquer the Aztecs How did Spain colonize? Married native women and produced a mestizo population (Native and Euro mix) Spain gave land to settlers and used Natives to work it – Called the encomendia system Catholic priests followed and spread Catholicism Based on what I have told you… List 3 reasons the Aztecs were defeated by Cortez List 3 reasons Spanish Came to the “new world” Define these terms – Mestizo Encomendis Conquistadors – Cortes Aztecs human sacrifice Cortes and Montezuma Other Conquerors Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistador – conquered the Incan Empire in 1532 Pedro Alvares Cabral – Claimed Brazil for Portuguese Pizarro Incan Empire Incas and Spaniards Incas and Pizarro Look closely Converting and branding natives Incas Incan remains Spain moves on for more gold, God, and glory Spain pushed north Coronado – led men into southwest region of the U.S. Ponce de Leon – explored Florida The Natives Encomienda system – Abolished 1542 20 million natives died from disease – No one to work lands Smallpox Slave Trade objectives Summarize the evolution of the slave trade Describe the triangular trade Describe slave life Identify the consequences of the slave trade Slavery Slavery is as old as society it’s self slaves were mostly POW’s Based on nationality or religion; not race slaves had rights children were not born into slavery Slave transport Need for slaves Increased demands for goods in Europe Cash crops like sugar and tobacco were labor intensive Cash crops made many rich Why the shift from Indian to African? Natives knew the land and could run away Natives died from diseases Benefits of African Slaves already knew how to farm cash crops immune to diseases did not run away Slavery how it started Spain and Portugal Grew crops like sugar cane and tobacco first plantations set up by the Portuguese The middle passage The voyage from Africa to the America’s 20% never made it Packing of the ships Slave ship The Auctions If they made it they were sold at auctions Families separated and sold to the highest bidder Slave Auction Coping with slave life Slaves looked to religion Kept heritage alive-music-stories and traditions Life as a slave Worked In in mines fields As servants Little food, clothing or shelter No legal protections, they are private property Whipped or beaten Some did resist Open rebellion-killing owners Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow work-fires Consequences of slavery Africa was robbed of its young and strong people guns promoted war Families were torn apart People in Europe and America go rich African farming techniques improved crop production Blending of cultures Age of Discovery and Trade Part 3: North America Objectives Compare the settlements of the English, Spanish and French Explain the origins of the French and Indian War Spain and Portugal By 1600 Spain and Portugal were about to fight over land claims in the new world the Treaty of Tordesillas was created in 1494 to prevent war – an imaginary line north-south and split South America in half France found riches in the fur trade Set up trading posts Did not colonize The English and Joint Stock Companies Jamestown – gold – no food John Smith John Rolf Pocahontas Brown Gold Tobacco saves the town England Pilgrims: left England because of religious persecution founded Plymouth colony Puritans wanted purify the Anglican church-No catholic practices Founded Massachusetts Bay Colony Settled in America and founded Model societies with families The Dutch Came for the money - fur Founded New Netherland Tolerant People to come and live there; regardless of religion The 3 countries fight English fight the Dutch French were to the West - they fight each other using the natives as allies This is the French and Indian War The Natives French and Dutch traded with natives Natives were a $ source English did not get along with the natives; pushed them off of their land The English were colonizing Disease drastically decreased Native numbers Copy this chart Country Spain France England Source of Wealth Treatment of Natives Prime location Gold Fur Tobacco Mixed freely Central & South America Must be Catholic Traded and mixed W& Central N. America Catholic/Pr otestant Isolated Religious tolerance East N. America Protestant Vocabulary French and Indian war Jamestown New Netherlands Puritans Treaty of Tordesillas Age of Discovery and Trade Part 4: The Old World and New World Collide To understand the Columbian Exchange and how it has affected the world today. To understand the business practices of the age of trade. To connect the destruction of cultures with colonization and the Columbian Exchange. The mixing of the old and new new goods came to and from the new world Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange: is a transfer of foods, livestock, disease and slaves from Europe to the Americas This is the beginning today’s global market Capitalism and Commercialism Capitalism: economic system based on competition, investment and private ownership We shift from mercantilism to capitalism This change is known as the Commercial Revolution (wealth + growth in trade) Other changes mercantilism Lots of $ coming into Europe Not enough goods to buy = inflation, prices of the goods go up Law of supply and demand Joint-stock companies: consequences This era of exploration, colonization and trade, created the economy of today All foods are available globally All cultures have been in contact Millions of people have perished, or left their home country Cultures and population have been built and destroyed Terms: Part 3 and Part 3 1. 2. 3. 4. Columbian Exchange Capitalism Commercial Revolution joint-stock company 1. 2. 3. 4. Treaty of Tordesillas Jamestown Puritans French & Indian War
