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How The Age of Exploration
Map
of the
affected
theknown
history ofWorld,
Latin
America
pre-1492
European Countries that were involved
• At the beginning
mainly Spain and
Portugal (Brazil)
• Portugal sailed
South, while Spain
sailed west
• Later England,
France, and the
Netherlands
became involved
Causes
• Push Factors - end of
Middle Ages (new
strength gained
through the defeat of
the Moors in Spain
(1492), adoption of
new inventions like
the compass,
astrolabe, lateen sail)
Causes
1.
Fall of Constantinople
and the loss of it as
a center of trade.
2.
Renaissance 
curiosity about other
lands and peoples.
3.
Reformation 
refugees &
missionaries.
4.
Monarchs seeking new
sources of revenue.
5.
Technological
advances.
6.
Fame and fortune.
Causes
1.
Fall of Constantinople
and the loss of it as
a center of trade.
2.
Renaissance 
curiosity about other
lands and peoples.
3.
Reformation 
refugees &
missionaries.
4.
Monarchs seeking new
sources of revenue.
5.
Technological
advances.
6.
Fame and fortune.
Causes continued
• Pull Factors - search for
all water trade route from
Europe to Asia; the
concept of “Glory, God &
Gold” (competition
between nations, spread
of Christianity, wealth)
Consequences
• Meeting of two “old
worlds” - Europe
and the Americas
• This became known
as the Columbian
Exchange
Consequences
• Spain & Portugal signed
the Treaty of Tordesillas
which set the line of
demarcation at 50
degrees west (East of
the line was controlled
by Portugal; west of the
line controlled by Spain)
Line of Demarcation
Consequences
• Conquistadores
explored/exploited
land and native
population:
• 1. Cortes = Aztecs
• 2. Pizzarro = Incas
• 3. Encomiendas =
New social class
structure
Cortez = Aztecs
Pizzarro = Incas
Encomiendas =
New social class structure
Ferdinand Magellan