* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download City-States of Greece
Survey
Document related concepts
History of science in classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Liturgy (ancient Greece) wikipedia , lookup
Direct democracy wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek literature wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek religion wikipedia , lookup
Greco-Persian Wars wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Olympic Games wikipedia , lookup
First Persian invasion of Greece wikipedia , lookup
Corinthian War wikipedia , lookup
Spartan army wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
City-States of Greece Chapter 5 Section 2 The Geography of Greece “In soft regions are born soft men.” ~Herodotus Greek Geography Shaped Civilization • Peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea (known as the Peloponnesus) • Seas transportation, trade • Land mountainous, rugged • • • • • Prevented unification Not much farmland Lacked natural resources No major rivers for irrigation Need for colonization According to Plato, Greeks lived around the sea “like frogs around a pond” Greek Geography Shaped Civilization • Climate Moderate, supported outdoor lifestyle Today’s Goals • What are the similarities and differences among Greek city-states and their legacies? Rise of Greek City-States (800-510 BC) • Polis (city-state) – Surrounded by protective walls • Agora - marketplace • Acropolis – fortified hilltop • Citizens (demos)– free adult males w/property – Thetes – other free men Forms of Government • Monarchy – rule by 1 person (king) • Aristocracy – rule by small group of noble, landowning families • Oligarchy – gov’t by few powerful people • Tyranny – gov’t by person who seizes control • Democracy – representative gov’t by the people New Kind of Army • Iron became metal used for weapons & armor – affordable for everyone • Hoplites – citizen soldiers – fought on foot • Phalanx formation Athens • Ionians who settled in Attica Development of Democracy • Draco – 621 BC – Drafted harsh set of laws • Solon - 594 BC - Outlawed debt slavery - Four social classes based on wealth - Any citizen could charge against wrongdoing • Peisistratus – tyrant who seized power in 541 BC Cleisthenes – 510 BC - Reforms that led to democracy in Athens Athenian Democracy • Divided into 10 tribes or “demes” (by residence, not wealth) – Selected members for boule • Ekklesia – general town meeting of free male Athenians • Boule (Council of 500) - Filled by lot for 1 yr. term - Legislature & executive - Power to ostracize citizens Athenian Society - Education • Encouraged educated mind in strong body • Only wealthy sons - Prepared to be good citizens - Part of day in athletic activities - Military schooling • Girls – trained to be good wives & mothers Athenian Military • Depended on strong navy for protection Sparta • Descendants of Dorians – settled in Laconia • Conquered Messenians - Helots – forced to work the land • Messenian revolt is put down, leads to militarism Sparta’s Rigid Militaristic Society • State made all decisions • Code of Lycurgus • Decided if babies strong enough – if not, left in hills to die • Children taken from families at age 7 to begin training (Agoge system) Agoge Training • Boys lived in army barracks until age 30 - Rough training to become tough soldier • Girls taught to be strong & athletic - Give birth to tough Spartan boys - More freedom than Athenian women Spartan Government • Ruled by TWO kings - Responsible for military, politics, & religious practices - Kingship passed on hereditarily Senate = Council of Elders - Spartiates > 60 years old - Elected for life • Assembly = all men over age 30 • Five ephors = overseers elected annually • Social Order • Lowest = helots • Middle = perioikoi • Highest = Spartiates Spartan Philosophy – Duty, Strength, Self-denial, SelfDiscipline Factors that Discouraged Unification of City-States • Different laws & governments • Different coinage • Different weights & measures • Different calendars Factors that Encouraged Unification of City-States • Same language • Participation in the Olympic Games • Common religion • Common management of temples The Olympic Games • Only freeborn Greeks (“athlos” = contest) – Selected through elimination trials • Pentathlon • Boxing – Pankration • Marathon games • 5 days • Victors given crown of olives