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The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great Cleaning Up • Spartans try to keep Athens from building back. • After Xerxes leaves, the Greeks still have Persians on Aegean islands and in Ionia that they have to clear out. • Spartans and Peloponnesian cities pull out of the Hellenic League (no surprise there) • Athens forms the Delian League Delian League • • • • # of cities Pericles Tribute Treasury moved to Athens Welcome to the Hotel California • You can check into the Delian League, but you can’t check out – Naxos – Aegina • What do you think? Was this right? Should they have been able to secede from this union of city states? • How does this compare with the War Between the States in American history? Athen’s Golden Age • Spartan – Athenian Skirmishes • Treaty – The Thirty Years Peace • Building of the Parthenon (Temple to Athena) – Contest between Athena and Poseidon • 40 Foot Zeus in temple at Olympia • Socrates teaching • Thirty Years Peace lasted 14 years Peloponnesian War(s) Among the losses that both sides experienced: • Battle losses – “the Greeks tearing each other to shreds…” (Bauer) • Economic costs • Plague • Famine (not able to plant) Aristophanes writes Lysistrata Alcibiades • Subverts the Peace of Nicias - pressures Athens to support Egesta against Corinthians colonies • Goes over to the Spartans and leads them to attack Attica • Impregnates the wife of the Spartan king and flees to Asia Minor • Encourages the Persians satrap to play the role of Clint Eastwood in “A Fist Full of Dollars” Spartans Win The Thirty Tyrants • Established in Athens by the Spartans • Murdered – Political enemies – Those whose possessions they desired – Those whose ideas threatened them • Overthrown by people of Athens • 403 BC start of a new era in Athens (?) Rebuilding • Still squabbling with others and with themselves • Anti-intellectual climate • Convict and execute Socrates in 399 BC – Convicted of corrupting the youth and being and not believing in the gods – Actually, he had the wrong friends • Alcibiades • Kritias More Squabbles • Greek mercenaries fighting with Cyrus against Artaxerxes II • Corinthian War over rule of the Ionians cities – three years – Spartans invite the Persians back into the fray • Athenians assist the Egyptians in their struggle against the Persians Peace • Ended up being Enforced by Persia • At this point there are serious attempts at pan-Hellenism, they weren’t very successful • Decades later (340 BC) Phillip of Macedon attacks Athens, after being invited to do so by Isocrates, the priests at Delphi, and others. Phillip II becomes King – While hostage in Thebes had learned how to make war – Becomes king after death of his brother – Married to Angelina Jolie – How did Phillip lose his eye? – Buchephalas and Alexander – Aristotle becomes Alexander’s tutor The Corinthian League • Established to confront Persians • Phillip has domestic issues and is murdered • Alexander takes leadership of Macedonia and the Corinthian League • Athens and Thebes Withdraw The Path To Empire Detours • Gordian Knot • Ammon Oracle • Diogenes the Cynic His experience with the High Priest of Israel