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Chapter 2 “Cells”
Section 1: “Cell Structure Pages
CELL WALL
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protects the cell
gives shape
is made of cellulose
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria.
CELL MEMBRANE
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Outer covering, protective layer
around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls,the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall
Allows food, oxygen, & water
into the cell & waste products
out of the cell.
CYTOPLASM
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gelatin-like inside cell membrane
constantly flows
aka protoplasm
CYTOSKELETON
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scaffolding-like
structure in cytoplasm
helps the cell maintain
or change its shape
made of protein
NUCLEUS
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Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions
for everything the cell
does
These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
Usually the largest
organelle
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
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separates nucleus from
cytoplasm
controls movement of
materials in & out of
nucleus
NUCLEOLUS
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Aka “little nucleus”
Found in the nucleus
Produces ribosomes
CHROMATIN
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contains genetic code that controls cell
made of DNA & proteins
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“Cell Structure”
CHLOROPLASTS
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Green organelles that
make food
found only in plant cells
CHLOROPHYLL
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A green pigment that
gives leaves & stems
their color
Captures sunlight energy
that is used to produce
food called glucose
Glucose is a type of sugar
MITOCHONDRIA
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Organelles that release
energy from food
This energy is released by
breaking down food into
carbon dioxide
AKA the powerhouse b/c
they release energy from
food
Some muscle cells have
20,000 mitochondria
RIBOSOMES
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Make proteins
Float freely or attached to
the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
Ribosomes are made in the
nucleolus
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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A series of folded membranes
that move materials (proteins)
around in a cell
like a conveyor belt
Smooth ER – ribosomes not
attached to ER
Rough ER – ribosomes
attached to ER
GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee)
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Stacked flattened
membranes
Sort and package
proteins
VACUOLES
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Temporary storage
spaces
Store food, water,
waste
LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz)
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The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body."
The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things.
They might be used to digest food or break
down the cell when it dies.
Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn
out cell parts
FROM CELL TO ORGANISM
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells
NAME THE ORGANELLE
a. Nucleus
c. Golgi body
b. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondria
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell
Membrane
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thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
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