Download Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy, and Cloning

The Human
Genome Project
How much DNA is in one cell?

Human genome = 46
chromosomes



about 3 billion base
pairs
one base pair is
0.00000000034 meters
DNA sequence in any
two people is 99.9%
identical – only 0.1% is
unique!
The Human Genome Project

An international effort to decipher the DNA
blueprint of a human being
Human Genome Project Goals:



To sequence and determine the exact order of the
nucleotides (A,C,T,G) for ALL of the DNA in a
human cell
To determine which sections of DNA represent the
individual genes
To store this information in databases for analysis
Publishing the human genome
Cloning
What is Cloning?


Cloning is the creation of an organism that is
the EXACT genetic copy of the mother
Identical twins are natural clones, they share
100% of their DNA
Twins
versus
Clones
How do you clone an organism?
1.
Remove the nucleus from an egg cell and a regular
cell from a donor.
2.
Fuse the enucleated cell with a regular cell (that still
has its nucleus) by electric shock
3.
The new fused cell begins dividing, just as a fertilized
egg would.
4.
The embryo is placed in the uterus of a surrogate
mother and allowed to develop normally.
5.
The surrogate mother gives birth to a genetic clone
of the original egg cell donor donor!
Premature aging