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Introductory Unit Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Sumer Ziggurat Cuneiform Hammurabi’s Code The Origins of Civilization The Origins of Civilization • Mesopotamia means “the land between two rivers” • Why does civilization develop here?: a. Rich soil b. Access to water c. Warm climate How does civilization develop? • Rivers flood…farmers/people need help! • Form a government in order to coordinate resources and build things like dams. • Leaders emerge - like Hammurabi Writing develops • Cuneiform writing develops. • Sumerians needed a way to keep track of business accounts and other records. • Eventually, stories, laws, and songs were written. First Law: Hammurabi’s Code • Hammurabi was a famous king of Babylon • Wrote 282 laws that covered everything from trade to murder. • Displayed on stone columns around the empire Hammurabi’s Code • “If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out.” • If he breaks another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken.” • If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one silver mina. • If he put out the eye of a man’s slave, or break the bones of a man’s slave, he shall pay one half of its value. • If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox whip in public. Hammurabi’s Code • Is it just? • Why do you think the punishment’s were so severe? • Are our laws as strict as Hammurabi’s? Religion develops • Sumerians believed in many gods = polytheism. • Believed gods controlled the air, storms, natural forces. • Worked hard to please the gods. Sumerian Gods • Enlil was the god who ruled the air and storms • Sumerians believed that gods were like humans…they ate…they drank…they fell in love • They had enormous power over humans Mesopotamia Today Iran Turkey Iraq Egypt Saudi Arabia Exit Ticket • On a separate piece of paper….write your name and answer the following two questions: • 1. Why did civilization develop in Mesopotamia? • 2. Predict….where do you think civilization developed next! Hand in your exit ticket on the way out of the classroom.