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Transcript
What is Chemsitry? • What do you know about its history ALCHEMISTS ANTOINE LAVOISIER FATHER OF MODERN CHEMISTRY Followed scientific method to challenge pholgiston theory. What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Properties of Matter How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, etc.) How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.) How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.) What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.) STATES OF MATTER • The Four States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of particles Based upon distance between particles Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS •Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. •Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat STATES OF MATTER LIQUID Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat STATES OF MATTER GAS Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Solid to liquid Term for Phase Change Melting Liquid to Freezing solid Heat Movement During Phase Change Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Vaporization, Liquid to which includes Heat goes into the gas boiling and liquid as it vaporizes. evaporation Heat leaves the gas Gas to liquid Condensation as it condenses. Heat goes into the Solid to gas Sublimation solid as it sublimates. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas? STATES OF MATTER PLASMA A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasmas, like gases • Plasma is the have an indefinite common state shape and an of matter indefinite volume. STATES OF MATTER SOLID Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place LIQUID Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other GAS Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds PLASMA Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames 2. Lightning 3. Aurora (Northern Lights) The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state MATTER CAN BE SORTED INTO TWO CATEGORIES PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES PURE SUBSTANCE Substance that is made up of all the same kind of matter. All the particles have the same chemical formula. ELEMENT OR COMPOUND MATTER MIXTURE Substance that is made up of DIFFERENT kinds of matter. ELEMENTS AND/ OR COMPOUNDS MATTER SUMMARY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF MATTER Vocabulary Allotrope One of two or more different molecular forms in the same physical state. oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) diamond, graphite, bucky ball