Download All About Energy!! - SRP: Salt River Project power and water

Electricity!
EXPLORING ELECTRICITY AND
MAGNETISM
WHERE DO I GET THESE LESSON PLANS?
Go to www.srpnet.com/education
 Click on Teacher Training
 Scroll down to
“Sci4Kids Introduction to
Electricity and Magnetism
Module”

VIDEO SEGMENTS
Basics
of Magnetism
Basics of Electricity
Electric Circuits
BASICS OF MAGNETISM
1ST MAGNETISM ACTIVITY

“Magnetic Characteristics”

Procedures:
 Have
students list small objects from the classroom
or their desks and the material each is made from
 Students predict whether or not they think that
object will be attracted to a magnet
 Test their predictions with a magnet
WHAT IS MAGNETISM?


Any material that attracts ferromagnetic
materials including iron, steel, cobalt and
nickel
Can be permanent or temporary
MAGNETISM BASICS
Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism
N
S
Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but
all magnets have 2 poles
•Opposite poles attract
•Like poles repel
All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to
the other in the 3 dimensional space around them
MAGNETIC LINES OF FLUX
Magnetic Field
Magnetic lines do not cross
each other.
The lines go from North
to South on the magnet.
N
magnet
S
MAGNETS ATTRACTING EACH OTHER
N
N
S
Pulling
S
MAGNETS OPPOSING EACH OTHER
N
Pushing Apart
N
S
S
2ND MAGNETISM ACTIVITY

Magnetic Lines of Flux
N
magnet
S
THE EARTH IS A MAGNET
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS?

North and south poles
 “di”-poles
 Break
the magnet in half and you will have two
separate magnets

3 dimensional field of attraction

Transfer magnetic properties
MAGNETIC DOMAINS
WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?

Nature

Man-made materials from:




Ceramic
Alnico (aluminum, nickel, &
cobalt)
Flexible rubber-like material
Created using current
(electricity)
3ND MAGNETISM ACTIVITY

Make an electromagnet with:
 Wire
 Iron
bolt or nail
 Battery 1.5volts
 Paperclips
USES FOR MAGNETS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Cars


Homes







Power locks
Door bells
Microwaves
TV’s
Speakers
Earrings
Electricity
Schools

Whiteboard Magnets
4TH MAGNETIC ACTIVITY
Paperclip Pick-up
 Procedures:

 Students
made predictions about how many
paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole
magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.)
 Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their
predictions (no stacking allowed!)
 Students will see that surface area affects the
amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s
not simply additive!)
MAGNETISM ACTIVITIES
“Magnetic Characteristics”
 “Lines of Flux”
 “Electromagnet”
 “Paper Clip Pick Up”
 Summarize findings & Review class worksheets

BASICS OF ELECTRICITY
5/22/2017
SAFETY NOTE




Always be careful around electricity.
Make sure an adult is present during experiments and
demonstrations using electricity.
Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less)
Take care to prevent shorts on batteries



Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same
metal object (short)
Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use
Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these
classroom demonstration. Use the batteries and genecons
provided.
21
ELECTRICITY BASICS
Electricity is…..
•
•
•
•
The flow of electrons
The energy sent out by batteries and
generators (current electricity)
The shock you can get from rubbing your
feet on the carpet (static electricity)
A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)
ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF ATOMS
MATTER
(Diamond, coal)
ELEMENT
(Carbon, Oxygen)
ATOM
(particles)
ATOMS
What is an Atom?
 The
smallest component in all things
 Made up of three smaller particles
 Protons
(+)
 Neutrons (no charge)
 Electrons (-)
 Strive
for stability
 Charged
atom = ion
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
+ +

Attraction
_ _
Particles with opposite charges attract each other.
CHARGED ATOM (ION)
+++
++
---


Stable Atom
Positive Ion
Negative
Ion
Stable atoms have equal protons and electron
Stable atoms have no charge
Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to
create stability
1ST ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES

“Opposites Attract”
STATIC ELECTRICITY
The imbalance of
positive and negative
charges
 Example: a build up of
negative charges in a
storm cloud will travel
to the ground in the
form of lightening

STATIC ELECTRICITY


Start with a doorknob – no charge
Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that
collect in your body… You become negatively charged
 Approach the doorknob and the positive charges
move toward you. Negative charges move away.
5/22/2017
STATIC ELECTRICITY

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the
positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static
electricity.
30
5/22/2017
STATIC ELECTRICITY

When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the
positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static
electricity.
 Now you and the doorknob have the same charge.
31
2ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY

“Fun with Styrofoam”
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current is the movement of free
electrons from atom to atom
 To start the free electrons moving an
electromotive force is needed.



Generator
Batteries
3RD ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES

Demonstration of Electromotive Force

“Flow of Electrons”
SIMULATING ELECTRIC CURRENT
ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES

“Flow of Electrons”

“Fun with Styrofoam”

Demonstration of Electromotive Force

Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current is the movement of free
electrons from atom to atom
 To start the free electrons moving an
electromotive force is needed.



Generator
Batteries
Must be in a
circuit!

WHAT IS A CIRCUIT?
A circuit is a conductor path for electric
current to travel through.
 Current will flow only if the path is a
complete loop from negative to positive

1ST ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY
Make a Simple Circuit
 Procedure:

 Give
students materials to make a circuit and allow
them to explore connecting them in different ways
to make the light bulb light
 Allow students to find all the ways they can make
the light bulb light
 Discuss what are the necessary components of a
circuit.
WHAT MAKES A SIMPLE CIRCUIT?

A simple circuit consists of:
1.
2.
3.
A source - battery or generator
Conductors (path for current to flow)
An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb
or an electromagnet
OPEN CIRCUIT


A break in the pathway
Electricity cannot flow
CLOSED CIRCUIT


A complete pathway
Electricity is able to flow
OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCUITS
CONDUCTORS
Materials that pass electricity easily
 Examples:

 Copper
 Silver
 Gold
 Aluminum
 Most
metals
INSULATORS
Materials that resist electricity flow
 Examples:

 Wood
 Rubber
 Porcelain
 Glass
 Air
 Cloth
 Paper
2ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY
Conductor vs. Insulator Experiment
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
VOLTAGE & CURRENT

Voltage
 Electric
potential difference between two points
 Pushes electrons
 Measured in Volts
 Comes from batteries, electric outlets,
generators

Current
 Flow
of electrons
 Measured in Amps
 1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons
moving past a point every second
VOLTAGE IS LIKE PRESSURE


Pressure

Pressure

Higher voltage pushes
electrons to move faster
(higher current)
Higher pressure pushes
water to flow faster
You can have pressure
without flow
You can have voltage
without current
CURRENT IS LIKE WATER FLOW



Flow of water is similar
to flow of electrons
The pressure (voltage)
determines how fast the
water (electrons) move
through the pipe (wire)
There is no current
without voltage
Flow
Flow
SERIES CIRCUIT
In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were
connected in series (one after another)
 Christmas tree lights are sometimes
connected in series
 What happens if we add another light bulb?

SERIES CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS
Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer?
 Why would they change?
 What if we add a million light bulbs?

2ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY
Series circuit demonstration
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
By making a loop for each bulb we can make a
parallel circuit
 What are the benefits?
 What happens if we add another bulb?

PARALLEL CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS
Will the brightness of the bulbs change?
 Why or why not?
 What if we add a million bulbs?

3RD ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY

Parallel circuit demonstration
2ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY

Battery demonstration
-
-
+
+
+
HOW DO YOU GET ELECTRICITY?
HOW IS ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATED?
Coal Plant Simulation
 (Adapted from NEED.org, Primary Energy
Stories and More, A Cool Coal Story)

5/22/2017
QUESTIONS TO PONDER



What would life be like
without electricity?
Are the electrical outlets
in your house installed in
series or parallel?
Can you think of an
example of a series
circuit in real life?
59
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ACTIVITIES
Battery demonstration
 Conductor vs. Insulator demonstration
 Series circuit demonstration
 Parallel circuit demonstration

REVIEW:

Basics of Magnetism
 Exploring
Magnets
 Magnetic Characteristics
 Ferromagnetic materials
 Lines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic Field
 Electromagnets
 Magnets in Everyday Life
REVIEW:

Basics of Electricity:
 Safety
 Flow
of Electrons
 Opposite charges attract
 Static Electricity
 Current Electricity
REVIEW:

Electric Circuits:
 Simple
Circuits
 Open and Closed Circuits
 Conductors and Insulators
 Series Circuits
 Parallel Circuits
 Voltage and Current
REFERENCES
www.srpnet.com/education
 www.ieee.org


http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/circuits/whatcirc.htm

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets

www.creativekidsathome.com/science/magnetexp.html
www.howstuffworks.com
 www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary

WHERE DO I GET THESE LESSON PLANS?
Go to www.srpnet.com/education
 Click on Teacher Training
 Scroll down to
“Sci4Kids Introduction to
Electricity and Magnetism
Module”

FREE WORKSHOPS AND MATERIALS
QUESTIONS?
Kevin Rolfe
SRP Community Outreach
Education Representative
(602) 236-2798
[email protected]