Download Biodiversity and Biodiversity at Risk Student notes 2016

Biodiversity and Biodiversity at Risk Fill in the Blank Notes
Review:
_________________________ is the total number of different species in an ecosystem/biome.
 Biological diversity
_____________________________ is a species that is very important to its community or ecosystem.
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Often the _____________________________ but can exist at any level of the food chain/web
If it is removed it would _____________________________ the ecosystem
Example: A sea otter in a kelp-bed community
o Sea otters eat sea urchins and if they were around the urchin population would destroy the kelpbed community
-----------------------------------How many species are there on Earth?
 It is estimated that there are _______________eukaryotes and a total estimation is up to
_________________________________ species.
o Many species will become ____________________ (no longer exist on the planet) before
humans discover them.
 _________________________ is referring to all populations in the world of a certain
species have died off.
 ______________________________________ is referring to the loss of many species
around the world usually because of an event
 Examples:
a.) Yucatan Peninsula had an asteroid hit the ground (loss of many plants and
the dinosaurs -enabled mammals to grow in number 65 million years ago)
b.) The forming and breaking up of supercontinents
______________________ (Formed 1.1 billion years ago and broke up 750
million years ago) and ______________________ (formed 270 million
years ago and broke up 200 million years ago)
 Researchers suspect another Mass extinction will occur within the next 100,
000 years because of trends
o Many species are currently _______________________ or ____________________ right now.
Three levels of diversity: Species, Ecosystem, and Genetic diversity
1. _______________________________-The number of different species in an area (also called biodiversity)
2. _________________________________-The number of habitats, communities, and ecological processes
in an area and between ecosystems
3. _______________________________________-refers to the number of different genes of every member
a population has in an area
o A ____________ is a piece of _____________________________ specific traits or characteristics
of an organism including man that is passed on to future generations.
o Very important for the survival of all species to have _______________________ in their genes.
 When the genetic diversity is low for an organism the species will
_______________________ risking extinction of a species in that area and possibly
worldwide extinction.
 It ________________ the chance that some members of a population will survive
environmental changes.
 Also, _______________________ the risk of inheriting genetic diseases
Benefits of Biodiversity:
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Species staying connected to ecosystems -_____________________________
__________________________________-keep species healthy and populations stable
Medical
o Most medications in the USA derived from _________________________________ (see page
243 for a list of medications)
o Researching other animals have led to the discovery of ___________________________
 Scientists have observed chimpanzees use a pith, leaf, or root from plants for certain
illnesses and realized that those items also cured man of the same disease so now there
are medications developed from that research
Industries and agricultural uses-__________________________ {(usually new plants varieties) that have
been genetically engineered to _______________________________ worldwide,
_________________________________, and have _______________________________ value}
______________________ (set of beliefs to preserve organisms and ecosystems),
____________________________________(pleasing to the eye and/or nose-personal enjoyment), and
Recreation-______________________________ (A form of tourism that supports
_________________________________________________________ by learning about nature)
Biodiversity at Risk:
What is the difference between a threatened and an endangered species?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Below is a list of reasons organisms become at risk of extinction:
1.) Can’t easily adapt to environmental changes
2.) Only eat one or two food sources-_______________________________________
3.) Having _____________________________________ for all the females in a group-loss of genetic diversity
4.) _______________________________________ (total loss of a habitat) and
_______________________________________(parts of the habitat broken up) because of man
5.) Pollution
6.) Allowing Invasive ______________________________________ (species not native to a particular region)
7.) _______________________________-Unregulated killing of an organism. –Sell the animal skins, organs,
tusk, etc.
a. Not all threatened species are protected by laws
b. Poaching is illegal but especially poor countries do it anyway for food, medicine, and income
8.) ______________________________________ are native species living in areas with great biodiversity
(Like the Tropical Rain forest) and are only found within those areas
Areas that are at very high risk of extinction:
 _____________________________________-endemic species and habitat loss/fragmentation
 _____________________________________________________________-hurricanes/bad storms, man,
and predators
 ____________________________________________
o Form volcanic islands and cause many earthquakes especially around
______________________________ in the Pacific Ocean.
o Example: Hawaiian Islands
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Islands have limited resources and species
The Future of Biodiversity:
1.) __________________________________________ – Breeding endangered species to increase their
populations
2.) Scientific Research
 Example: In 1973 a scientist was studying the endangered tambalacoque trees on Mauritius (island
off the eastern coast of Africa). This tree has a 300 year life cycle and most of the 13 trees left were
nearing that age. They knew that the dodo bird (who have been extinct for many times used its
gizzard to grind the seeds of the tree and expelled the seeds in their waste. The scientist decided to
find another organism with a gizzard and see if the organism would eat and expel the seeds too.
Turkeys were used and the expelled seeds sprouted and new seedlings were formed so this tree is
now growing in numbers again.
3.) ______________________________ Endangered Species-Controversial procedure that creates an embryo
out of adult tissue
4.) ____________________________________ is any form of genetic material contained within the
reproductive, or germ, cells of animals and plants.
 Germ plasm banks are used to research an organism in the future and for recovery efforts to save the
species
5.) Zoos, Aquarium, National Parks/Wildlife Refuges, and Gardens
a.) Philadelphia Zoo was chartered in Mar. 21, 1859 but because of the Civil War did not open its
doors until July 1, 1874.
 Norfolk Zoo is the closest one to us
b.) The largest zoo in the world is in Atlanta, Georgia with 6.3 million gallons and houses over
100,000 organisms
 Virginia Marine Science Museum in Virginia Beach is the closest one to us
c.) _____________________________________________ was the 1st park in the USA
 Yellowstone Act of 1872 was signed into law by President Grant on Mar. 1, 1872
 1,221,773 acres of land from Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho
 Virginia has lots of National Parks
 The ________________________________________ National Wildlife Refuge has 111,200
acres and is one of few remaining American wildernesses. –Suffolk/Chesapeake/parts of
North Carolina
d.) There are over 1,600 Botanical gardens around the world
 Used for plant research, see beautiful and unique plants, and a conservation center
 To cultivate endangered plant species and reintroduce them into the wild
 _________________________ is the closest to us
6.) Habitat conservation efforts
7.) Further research
8.) Laws to protect more species
a.) Endangered Species Act of 1973_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
b.) International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
 Created in ______________
 Currently _______________ species are on IUCN Red List (Feb. 4, 2016)
 Goal is to reach _____________ species by 2020
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c.) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
 Works with IUCN in helping endangered species
 They meet ______________________________ with many countries
 Held in Geneva in Jan. 2016 and Jan. of 2017 will be in Johannesburg, South
Africa
d.) Biodiversity Treaty of 1992 was signed at the ______________________________ Meeting
 Signed by _________________________________
 Created _________________________________________________ (CBD) which
started Dec. 29, 1993 to maintain three main objectives:
1.) The __________________________ of biological diversity
2.) The _____________________________________ of the components of
biological diversity
3.) The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of
genetic resources
e.) Chesapeake Bay Foundation founded in 1967
 Chesapeake Bay Clean Water Blueprint process started Dec. 15, 1987 and as progress
yearly to the current name
 _________________________________________________________
 Protect organisms (plants and animals in the Bay)
 Volunteer projects
 ____________________________ students and teachers about the Bay
 _________________________________ in Virginia Beach opened in
2015
 Is the __________________________ independent
conservation organization dedicated solely to saving the Bay
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