Download Yellow Journalism Captain Alfred T. Mahan General Valeriano Weyler

Flashcards 1890­1899 Yellow Journalism Captain Alfred T. Mahan General Valeriano Weyler A type of reporting that sensationalizes or exaggerates news stories ­ two yellow journalists were William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer who owned competing newspapers ­ one of the causes of the Spanish American War Wrote the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660 ­ 1783 ­ this book stated that the key to a nation’s power was through naval power and that the U.S. needed to build up the navy ­ helped lead to U.S. imperialism Sent as a military general to Cuba by Spain to put down the Cuban rebellion ­ often known as “Butcher Weyler” for his brutality ­ set up many reconcentration camps in Cuba to hold Cuban civilians (Many Cubans died in these camps) The de Lóme Letter Theodore Roosevelt (In the 1890’s) Colonel Leonard Wood Commodore George Dewey A letter written by the Spanish official Dupuy de Lόme that criticized President William McKinley by calling him weak ­ this letter was published by William Randolph Hearst ­ one of the causes of the Spanish American War Under­secretary of the Navy ­ ordered Commodore George Dewey to go to the Philippines when the war started ­ quit his job to go to war ­ organized the volunteer army: the Rough Riders Headed the Rough Riders ­ was later put in charge of the military government that was sent to Cuba after the Spanish American War Credited with the naval victory at Manila Bay in the Philippines on May 1, 1898 ­ sent to the Philippines by under­secretary of the navy: Theodore Roosevelt ­ The Philippines were not taken completely until August 13th, after foot soldiers arrived to storm the island General William Shafter Led the U.S. troops in Cuba ­ helped capture Santiago, Cuba (completing the capture of Cuba) ­
James B. Weaver ­
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The 1892 Populists party candidate for the presidency earned over 1,000,000 Made biggest impact a third party had made yet ­
Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) ­
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Ghost dance swept through the Sioux causing this More masacre then a battle 200+ indians were killed Marked the end of the Indian Wars Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the Filipino rebels ­ Helped the United States capture the Philippines on August 13th, 1898 ­ Turned against the United States by leading an uprising beginning on February 4, 1899 when the Philippines were not granted independence (This started the Philippine ­ American War) John Hay Secretary of State under President McKinley ­ Sent out the Open Door notes to the European powers with Spheres of Influence in China Created By General Valeriano Weyler to hold Cuban civilians so that they could not help the Cuban insurrectos ­ many Cubans died in these camps or were killed if they refused to move into the camps reconcentration camps insurrectos Cuban revolutionaries ­ revolted against Spain ­ supported by the United States ­
Ida Wells ­
Led nationwide push against lynching helped start the National Association of Colored Women (1896) The Anti­Saloon League (1893) ­
increased the push against alcohol by singing anti­liquor songs ­
Lead to some states banning alcohol, Maine being the first one to do it Extending the rule of one nation over other (usually smaller) nations ­ setting up colonies, conquering island nations, or gaining foreign lands after a war or treaty with a different country are all types of imperialism imperialism guerrilla warfare A type of warfare in which fighting tactics such as ambushes and raids are used by a smaller army to fight a larger army ­ usually used in forests or jungles where the military group using guerrilla warfare can stay hidden Spheres of Influence U.S.S. Maine Occurred in China: European powers controlled different ports and their surrounding areas and had exclusive trade rights in those areas (ex: Britain’s Sphere of Influence was Hong Kong) ­ Spheres of Influence would cause a. the US to send out Open Door notes b. The Boxer Rebellion A United States ship that was sent to Cuba to rescue any Americans that were there incase the Cuban revolution got really violent ­ blew up on February 15, 1898 in Havana Harbor, 260 American sailors died ­ Americans blamed Spain, the Spanish claimed there had been an accident ­ cause of the Spanish American War ­
Published Women and Economics (a book on feminism) ­
called for group nurseries and kitchens to free up women to get jobs ­
called for women to become part of the economy Charlotte Perkins Gilman National American Suffrage Association ­
Started in 1890 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony ­
Helped to structure and organize a fight for women’s rights Teller Amendment Rough Riders Passed by congress after they voted to go to war with Spain ­ Stated that Cuba would have its independence when the United States kicked Spain out Organized by Teddy Roosevelt ­ were supposed to be a cavalry, but ended up being an infantry ­ most famous group that participated in the fighting on Cuba (famous charge up Kettle Hill) ­ composed mostly of fit, rough­and­tumble men The Treaty of Paris Anti­Imperialist League The Awakening Treaty that ended the Spanish American War ­ the treaty gave the United States 1. Guam 2. Puerto Rico 3. The Philippines 4. Cuba (which would have its independence) Group of Americans that were against the United States gaining the Philippines as part of the Treaty of Paris ­ they believed that the Philippines wanted their independence and thought that the United States taking them would go against American ideals of freedom ­
Book written by Kate Chopin ­
Written in 1899 ­
Later realized to be promoting feminism ­
opened 1897 ­
Andrew Carnegie had given 60 million dollars to building libraries across the U.S. The Library of Congress The armed conflict between the Philippines and America that took place after the Spanish American War when the United States did not give the Philippines independence ­ Started on February 4, 1899 by Emilio Aguinaldo and his rebel followers Philippine ­ American War Open Door Notes Boxer Rebellion Sent out to all European powers by the United States because the US was worried about business and missionary access in China ­ asked the European nations to announce that their spheres of influence would respect certain Chinese rights and fair competition ­ All nations (except Russia) eventually agreed to this Open Door Policy Revolt by Chinese group called the “Boxers” ­ the Boxers didn’t want the Spheres of Influence ­ they murdered more than 200 foreigners, thousands of Christian Chinese, and harassed the foreign diplomatic community in Beijing ­ A multi­national rescue force stopped the rebellion Homestead Strike (1892) Steelworkers from one of Carnegie’s (in Homestead, PA) plants were angry due to a pay cut and went on strike ­ The strike became violent when 300 armed Pinkerton detectives arrived to put down strike (later troops were summoned) ­ major setback in attempt to unionize steelworkers Well­known spin­off of Hull House that was started in 1890 ­ Run by Lillian Wald ­ Became hot­beds for activism ­ Women were actively supporting feminism and trying to break the discrimination against women in jobs Henry Street Settlement Florence Kelley Lead Loby for an Illinois antisweat­shop law (1893) ­ it protected women workers ­ prohibited child labor She was an ­ activist for women, children, blacks, and consumers Hawaii Grover Cleveland Island nation originally ruled by Queen Liliuokalani ­ American sugar planters and some U.S. military dethroned the queen (with no orders from Washington) ­ The U.S. captured the Philippines, then annexed Hawaii as a territory on July 7, 1898 (as a halfway point between the U.S. and the Philippines) 22nd and 24th President of the United States ­ Had two non­consecutive presidential terms ­ Wins 1892 election against Harrison ­ A Democrat (generally pro gold standard) ­ Does not successfully bring the nation out of the economic depression of 1893 Sherman Anti­Trust Act of 1890 An attempt by the federal government to stop trusts (agreements between people/businesses that prohibited free trade) ­ Was not specific and was very weak as a result ­ Was most often used to put down unions Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court case in 1896 ­ Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in a white only train car ­ Supreme Court ruled that under the 14th Amendment “seperate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites were legal ­ legalized segregation laws Populist Party Emerged in the election of 1892 ­ were formed originally by distressed and frustrated farmers (many from the Grange and the Farmers’ Alliance) ­ nominate James Weaver as their presidential candidate in 1892 ­ produced significant numbers in popular vote and electoral college ­
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Coxey’s Army ­
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Lead by General Jacob Coxey Marched on washington with many followers and newspaper reporters they called for relieved unemployment by a government public works program An issuance of 500 million in paper money Both would increase inflation ­
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Pullman Strike ­
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Held in Chicago By Eugene Debs Debs helped organize the workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company Company had been hit hard by the depression and cut wages by about ⅓ Troops were called in to break it up ­
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Republican Nominee for 1896 election was pro­tariff had a respectable Civil War and Congress record leaned towards the gold standard Won election of 1896 easily ­
Passed under McKinley ­
Was passed due to discontent with the Wilson­Gorman Tariff ­
It eventually raised tariff rates to 46.5% higher but not as high as some had hoped ­
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William McKinley Dingley Tariff Bill (1897)