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Buried Mirror- Part 2
1. As you watch this episode of the Buried Mirror, listen for and identify the following:
Olmecs – Precolumbian civilization in south central Mexico from as early as 1500 BCE to about
400 BCE. Famous for their art sculptures of colossal heads
Mayas – Noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian
Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems until the
arrival of the Spanish.
Zapotecs -indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of
southern Mesoamerica. From 500BC lived in Monte Albán
Monte Albán – Zapotec city
Toltecs -an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo
800-1000 CE. The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural
predecessors
Aztecs – lived in central Mexico, spoke the Nahuatl language, dominated large parts of
Mesoamerica in the 14th- 16th centuries
Chichén Itzá –Mayan city in Yucatan península
Pablo Neruda - Chilean poet and politician
Huitzilopochtli – volcano in Mexico
Templo Mayor - one of the main temples of the Aztecs in their capital city of Tenochtitlan
Flower wars - battles fought between the Aztec Triple Alliance and some of their enemies: most
notably the city-states of Tlaxcala, Huexotzinco, Atlixco and Cholula.
Diego Rivera- Mexican artist of the 20th century
Quetzalcoatl - Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and has the
meaning of "feathered-serpent”
Tezcatlipocha Mesoamerican deity worshipped by the Olmec and Maya.
Hernán Cortés – Spanish conqueror of the Aztecs
Marina/Malinche - Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish
conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.
Moctezuma – leader of the Aztecs when Cortes conquered the civilization
Palenque - a Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century. date back to 100
BC to its fall around 800 AD. After its decline it was absorbed into the jungle, but has been
excavated and restored and is now a famous archaeological site attracting thousands of visitors.
Incas mesoamerican civilization in the Andes mountains of Peru Bolivia and Ecuador founded
around 1200 destroyed by Spanish in 1533.
Francisco Pizarro – Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas through treachery in 1533
Atahualpa – Leader of the Incas at the time of the Spanish conquest
Machu Picchu – Ancient Inca city unknown to the Spanish and discovered in the 20th century
by Europeans
viceroys - a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province (or state) in the name of and as
representative of the Monarch
hidalgos -was a traditional title of persons of the Spanish nobility or gentry.
Cholula -At the time of the arrival of Hernán Cortés Cholula was second only to the Aztec capital
Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) as the largest city in central Mexico. Cortez massacred its
warriors at the central plaza and partially burned down the city
Virgen of Guadalupe According to tradition, Juan Diego, a simple indigenous peasant, saw a vision of a young woman on
December 9, 1531. While he was on the hill in the desert of Tepeyac near Mexico City, the lady
told him to build a church exactly on the spot where they were standing. He told the local bishop,
who asked for some proof. He went back and saw the vision again. He told the lady that the bishop
wanted proof, and she said "Bring the roses behind you." When he looked behind, he saw a bunch
of roses growing. He cut the roses, placed them in his poncho and returned to the bishop. When he
arrived to the bishop, he said he had brought proof. When he opened his poncho, instead of roses
there was a picture of the young lady in the vision.
Bartolomé de las Casas - 16th-century Spanish historian. Wrote "A Short Account of the
Destruction of the Indies" and "Historia de Las Indias", chronicle the first decades of colonization
of the West Indies, focusing particularly on the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the
Indigenous peoples.
Santa María de Tonantzintla - colonial era church decorated in Talavera tile and in a style called
Indigenous or Folk Baroque. It is the best known example