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Properties of Earth • Shape of Earth – Almost a sphere – Bulges at the equator from Earth’s rotation • Albedo = Reflection of light – Ice close to –high – Clouds/water –medium – Dirt - low • Age – About 4.5 billion years old Spheres of the Earth Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere • The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. • It reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) from the surface of the Earth. • Life on Earth is supported by the atmosphere, solar energy, and our planet's magnetic fields. Biosphere • The biosphere is the life zone of the Earth. – includes all living organisms – including man – all organic matter • Life evolved on earth during its early history between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. Biotic vs. Abiotic • Bio = means life • Biotic—living parts or components • Abiotic—nonliving parts of components (air, water, temperature) Hydrosphere • The hydrosphere includes all water on Earth. • 71% of the Earth is covered by water and only 29% is land. • Earth called “Blue Planet” • Water to exist in all three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor). • Water is the universal solvent and the basis of all life on our Planet. Hydrosphere Lithosphere • The lithosphere solid outermost shell of a rocky planet. • Lithosphere includes crust and uppermost layer of mantle. • Earth’s lithosphere made of a series of lithospheric plates. Lithosphere