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TEACHING READING USING COMMUNIVATIVE APPROACH AT THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 4 GUNUNGHALU BANDUNG BARAT Candrika Septi Wahyuni 08220425 E-mail :[email protected] English Education Study Program Language and Arts Departement STKIP Siliwangi Bandung ABSTRACT The objective of this research entitled ‘’ Teaching Reading using Communicative Approach at the first Grade of SMPN 4 Gununghalu‘’was to find out whether or not Teaching Reading using Communicative Approach was effective to improve students’ reading comprehension ability. This research applied posttest only control group design and quantitative method. The population this research was 60 of seventh grade students at SMPN 4 GununghaluBandung Barat and the sample was entire population which was divided into two groups (control and experiment group). Each group consisted of30 students. The instrument used in this research was a test. The data of this research were collected by giving only posttest to both groups. The collected data was analysed using t-test formula. The results of data analysis showed that:mean score of posttest in experimental group was 7.7666, mean score of posttest in control group was 5.8. The t-observed was 3.142 and the table with df 58 and level of significance at 0,05 (5%) was1.866. Based on the data analysis above, the alternative hypothesis of this research was accepted because the t-observed was bigger than the table ( 3.142≥1.866). It also meant thatTeaching Reading using Communicative Approach was effective to improve the students’ reading comprehension ability. Key word : teaching, reading, communicative approach. A. Background Recently, the flow of information keeps coming from one place to other places in the world. A suitable media which is always used for communication of information is language. By language we can communicate to each other directly or indirectly as well as obtain pieces of information from each other. In other word by using language, people can express their thought and feelings. Discussing about language, English is one foreign language which is learned in Indonesia. It is used internationally and become the key to international science, technology and commerce. In Indonesia English has become one of the compulsory subjects in secondary school. In the teaching of English, reading skill becomes the more crucial point compared with the other skill i.e. listening, speaking, and writing. It is mentioned in the 2006 curriculum of SLTP/SMU that the language skill to be covered are listening, speaking, reading, and writing with special emphasis on reading skill. As a language skill, reading is obviously the most important one by which we can get pieces of information on technology, education, kind of news, etc. That is why the students are required to be able comprehending English well in order to enrich their knowledge. In teaching reading, many difficulties are faced by students, e.g. they cannot find the meaning of sentences/word, they cannot understand the massage of the writer, etc. Therefore the teacher must give motivation and have some efforts to overcome those problems. This study entitled “Teaching Reading using Communicative Approach “is aimed the problems. B. THEORITICAL FOUNDATION It be explain about the effectiveness of language teaching, definition of teaching, definition reading, definition teaching reading, and teaching reading using communicative approach. 1. Teaching is “ an exiting job, many references help teacher to get some solution of problem in teaching learning process”. (Brown, 1995) 2. Reading is defined as“ active attempt to understand a writer massage”(Smith:1963) 3. The communicative approach or communicative language teaching (CLT) is the name which was given to a set of beliefs which included not only a re-examinarion of what aspects of language to teach, but also shift in emphasis in how to teach.Activities in communicative language teaching typically involve students in read or realist communication, where the accurary of the language they use is less important that successful achievement of the communicative task they are performing. (Harmer:1994) C. REASEARCH METHODOLOGY In this part there will be discussed about research design, research method, research population and sample, research instrument. research data collection, research data analyzing, and research procedure 1. Research Method The main purpose of the research was to find out whether with using communicative approach was effective in teaching reading This research used quantitative method. Quantitative study is an experiment design has hypothesis trough the use objective instrument and statistical analysis Research Instrument This instrument that were used for gathering the data was posttest. Experimental group was given teaching reading using communicative approach 2. Research Population According to Burns (1995:65), “ population is an entire group of people or object or events…” the population of the research was the first grade of SMP NEGERI 4 Gununghalu. They were nine classes, each class consisted 30 students. 3. Research Sample According to Burns (1995:65), “ population is any part of population regardless of whether it is representative or not “ Sample of the research were two classes which were selected by using cluster sampling technique. They were 7-A and 7-B. each class consisted of 30students, Class 7-A was experimental and class 7-B was control group. In the research, the researcher taught reading in 7-A using communicative approach. Table 3.1 Population Research NO 1 2 CLASS NAME 7-A 7-B TOTAL STUDENT 30 30 60 4. Research Data Collection In collecting the data, the writer obtained the data from the posttest. The posttest gave to experiment class and control group. 5. Research Data Analysis For analysis the data, the research used the formula as follow : The mean To calculate the average score of the posttest result given the experimental and the control group using the following formula: ∑ = X = refers to the mean of sample ∑X = refers of the total amount of all individual observation of x N = refers to the total number of observation 6. Standard Deviation To calculate the standard deviation of scores of the two group using the formula : SD = ∑( ) SD = Standard Deviation X = the sum of score Xa = the mean of sample N = the number of observation Standard Error To calculate the Standard Error using the formula : S ( Xe – Xc) = + S ( Xe – Xc) = refers to the standard error of deferences between the mean Xe = refers to the mean of the experimental Xc = refers to the mean of the control group Se = refers to the standard deviation the experimental Sc = refers to the standard deviation the control group Ne = refers to the number of the experimental sample Nc = refers to the number of the control group T – Observed To calculate t-observed using the formula : Tabs = ( ( Hatch and Hossein, 1982 : 115 ) ) Tabs = T-observed Xe = refers to the mean of experimental group Xc = refers to the mean of control group S ( Xe-Xc ) = refers to the standard error of different between the mean D. RESEARCH OF PROCCEDURE The research was conductive one week period with three meeting: The treatment student of the experiment class and the control class on June 4th-6th,2012 The posttest students of the experimental class on June 7th-8th,2012 The posttest student of the control class on June 8th-11 th,2012 Table 4.1 Pre-test and Post-test Scores of the Experimental Class No 1 NAME Post-test 2 AGUNG RAHMAT 3 AHMAD IRFAN 8 4 AHMAD S MUJI 6 5 AI LINDA 8 6 AI LISNAWATI 9 7 ANGGI GIANA 6 8 ARI FAUZI 7.5 9 DEDE YULIANI 7.5 10 DIKDIK SAPUTRA 7 11 GUNAWAN 9 12 IPIT PATIMAH 7 13 IRNA SUMARNI 10 14 JENAL MUTAQIN 6 15 JOKO SUSILO 4 16 LILIS KARLINA 8 17 M.DEDE M 9 18 M,IDAN IRAWAN 7 19 MISBAHUL HARON 10 20 M.RIFALDI 5 21 NURLELA 7.5 22 RIDWAN SADILI 7 23 RIKI SAPUTRA 7 24 SAEPULOH M 4 25 SINTA AMELIA 8 26 SITI NURAENI 4 27 SITI NURLINA 6 28 SITI SUMIATI 9 29 SONIA HANDAYANI 7 30 TETI 9 7 ABDUL AZIS 7.5 ∑233 Table 4.2 Pre-test and Post-test Score of the Control Class No NAME Post-test 1 AGUNG N 2 AI FITRI 3 AI FITRIYANI 4 AIDAH 5 AISYAH NURHA 6 ANGGI AHMAD 7 ANGGI DATIA 8 ASEP G 9 ASTRI TRIYANI 7 7.5 8 6 8 9 6 7.5 7.5 10 CUHAYATI 11 DANDI 12 DEDE YUSUP 13 DIKI PERMANA 14 HANIFAH 15 HASIM ARIPIN 16 IIS RAHMA 17 IQBAL FAUJI 18 KARTIKA SARI 19 MISBAHUL 10 20 M.RIFALDI 5 21 NURLELA 7.5 22 RIDWAN SADILI 7 23 RIKI SAPUTRA 7 7 9 7 10 6 4 8 9 7 24 SAEPULOH M 4 25 SINTA AMELIA 8 26 SITI NURAENI 4 27 SITI NURLINA 6 28 SITI SUMIATI 9 29 SONIA HANDAYANI 7 30 WATI 9 ∑174 Group N X Communicat ive Conventiona l 3 0 3 0 Mean Posttest 7.7 666 5.8 Table 4.3 The Data Analysis of Experimental and Control Group S ( d f − 2. 0.6 5 1.8 3.14 79 2 8 66 1. 0.6 5 1.8 3.14 99 2 8 66 Table 4.4 The Improvement of the Mean Score EGrou Group Improve p ment 7.7666 5.8 1.866 Data Analysis Posttest A posttest was carried out the order to gain the data of the students entire behavior, especially reading ability on the two group. The Distribution ofScore and Calculation on the Posttest Data Analysis The Experimental Class - To Calculated the Mean X = Y = = 7.7666 - To Calculate Standard deviation = ∑( = . √ – . = = √7.667 = 2.79 - To calculate Degree of Freedom DF = ( N1 = N2 ) – 2 = ( 44 + 44 ) – 2 = 60 – 2 = 58 Control Class - To Calculated the Mean = = = 5.8 - To Calculate Standard deviation = = =√ ∑( – . = √3.9655 = 1.99 - To calculate Degree of Freedom DF = ( N1 = N2 ) – 2 = ( 44 + 44 ) – 2 = 60 – 2 = 58 To Calculate Standard Error S=( − )= = √2.79 + 1.99 30 30 + X Y = √7.7841 + 3.9601 30 30 = √02594 + 1.320 = √0.39147 = 0.626 To Calculate T – Observed = = = 3.14 ( − − √7.7666 −5.8 0.626 The Conclusions The mean the experimental class was bigger than the mean of control class (3.14>1.87). the difference was 1.27 at the significance level at 0.05 with of 58. The difference was 0.47the result of the research showed that T-observed was 3.14, the T-critical value at the significance level at 0.05 with the of was 1.87. Based on the data above, teaching communicative approach was more effective, it also mean that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected. The Suggestions It is good for a teaching to motivate students to read what they want without being worried about producing errors. The teachers are expected to be the facilitators and motivators not to be the decision makers. It is advisable for a teacher to use communicative approach in teaching reading. BIBLIOGRAFI Burns (1995:65), “ population is any part of population regardless of whether it is representative or not “ Brown, (1995) Teaching is “ an exiting job, many references help teacher to get some solution of problem in teaching learning process" Hatch and Hossein, (1982 : 115 )To calculate t observed using the formula Smith. (1963) Reading is defined as“ active attempt to understand a writer massage”