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Chapter 7
Cells
1. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to view thin slices of cork from plants.
This was one of the first viewings of the cell.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to identify and observe that there
were life forms found in water.
4. The Cell Theory states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic
units of structure and function in living things, and that new cell come from existing
cells.
5. The most common type of microscope used in a biology lab will be the Compound Light
Microscope.
6. Compound Light Microscopes can be used to view living cells.
7. Electron Microscopes are used to study very small things. The textbook talks of DNA.
8. Electron Microscopes focus beams of electrons using magnetic fields through objects.
Therefore, organisms viewed under the electron microscope are nonliving.
9. Two Major Types of Electron Microscopes:
 Scanning Electron Microscope:
 Transmission Electron Microscope:
10. Most microscopes use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or
electrons.
11. Two Major Divisions of Cells:
 Prokaryotic: These cells do not have a truly defined nucleus.
 Eukaryotic: These cells have a truly defined nucleus.
12. Prokaryotic cells are normally smaller and simpler than those of the Eukaryotic cells.
13. DNA within the Prokaryotic cell normally floats freely in the cytoplasm.
14. Prokaryotic cells do all of the things that living things do in order to be considered alive.
15. Eukaryotic cells are normally the more complex of the two cell types.
16. Eukaryotic cells have many complex structures found within them called cellular
organelles.
17. These cellular organelles have a particular job that they perform within the cell. ( These
organelles function as an assembly line ).