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Nombre Clase Fecha CAPÍTULO Verbs with reflexive pronouns 7 In English A reflexive pronoun can be used to show that the subject acts upon itself. The reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. He bathes himself. I made myself some dinner. The children dress themselves for school. A Circle the reflexive pronoun and the subject it refers to. Underline the verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I drag myself out of bed at 5 AM! You cut yourself on the glass? The cat cleans itself. We admire ourselves in the mirror. Babies cannot feed themselves. You found yourselves a new hobby. She treated herself to ice cream after finishing the race. He bought himself a CD at the store. In Spanish Reflexive pronouns can also be used when the subject and object of a verb are the same. The infinitive of a reflexive verb always contains se: bañarse. When you conjugate a reflexive verb, the reflexive pronoun changes to match the subject of the verb. yo me baño nosotros(as) nos bañamos tú te bañas vosotros(as) os bañáis usted, él, ella se baña ustedes, ellos, ellas se bañan Reflexive pronouns either go before the conjugated verb, or are attached to the end of an infinitive. With affirmative informal commands, they must be attached to the end of the verb. When using a reflexive verb with a body part or clothing, use a definite article instead of a posessive adjective. ¿Me lavo las manos? Sí, lávate las manos. Nos tenemos que vestir. ¿Vamos a vestirnos ahora? B Circle the reflexive pronoun and the subject it refers to, if it is given. Underline the reflexive verb. 1. Por la mañana, yo me despierto a las seis y media. 2. Mi hermana se levanta más tarde. 3. Ella y yo nos vestimos después de desayunar. Holt Spanish 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Grammar Tutor 39 Nombre Clase Fecha CAPÍTULO 7 VERBS WITH REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 4. Mi padre se afeita por la mañana. 5. Mi madre se lava la cara y las manos. 6. Tú tienes que peinarte todas las mañanas. 7. Mis hermanas siempre quieren maquillarse. 8. Niño, lávate los dientes antes de salir de casa. C Complete the sentences with the correct form of each reflexive verb in parentheses. 1. Normalmente yo me acuesto a las diez y media. (acostarse) 2. Mis hermanos a la misma hora. (acostarse) 3. Todos nosotros para ir a la cama a las diez. (prepararse) 4. Yo el piyama antes de leer un rato. (ponerse) 5. Leo en la cama porque necesito (relajarse). 6. Mi hermano mayor la ropa y luego los dientes. (quitarse, lavarse) 7. Mi hermana menor y luego el pelo. (bañarse, secarse) 8. Nadie quiere ni (=or) por la noche. (afeitarse, maquillarse) 9. Tú siempre tienes que antes de acostarte. (estirarse) 10. Es porque tú quieres D en forma. (mantenerse) In Spanish you can often use the same verb with a reflexive pronoun or with a direct object pronoun. For the subjects given below, write two sentences with the same verb: one with a reflexive pronoun and one with a direct object pronoun. 1. yo / lavarse la cara / lavar el carro 2. tú / ponerse el piyama / poner la mesa 3. ella / levantarse / levantar pesas Holt Spanish 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Grammar Tutor 40 Nombre Clase Fecha CAPÍTULO 7 Negative informal commands In English An affirmative command tells someone to do something. It is formed by using the infinitive form of the verb (but without the word to). A negative command tells someone what not to do. You form a negative command by placing the word(s) don’t or do not before the command. Pronouns always go after. Eat your meal. Talk to your uncle. Wake yourself up. A Don’t eat so much. Do not talk in class. The coffee is cold. Don’t drink it. Circle the verbs that express commands. Then indicate whether the command is affirmative or negative. Affirmative Negative 1. If you go to the gym, don’t forget your ID. ✓ 2. Be quiet! The teacher is talking. 3. I’m bored. Please take me home. 4. We are inside a building. Don’t smoke! 5. I like this show. Don’t turn it off! 6. Do not step on the grass. It’s wet. 7. Please tell me the truth. 8. Don’t go to the movies tonight. In Spanish Negative informal commands are used to tell a friend or relative (someone you address as tú) not to do something. Use the word no followed by the verb form. For most –ar verbs, you form this command by dropping the final –o of the yo form, and adding –es. For most –er and –ir verbs, you also drop the final –o of the yo form, and add –as. –ar verbs: –er verbs: –ir verbs: (yo) trabajo (yo) corro (yo) salgo (yo) duermo ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ¡No trabajes! ¡No corras! !No salgas! ¡No duermas! Don’t work! Don’t run! Don’t go out! Don’t sleep! These verbs have irregular negative informal commands. dar ➔ no des ir ➔ no vayas ser ➔ no seas A pronoun in a negative command must go between no and the verb. Lee esta novela. Pero no la leas en la cama y no te acuestes muy tarde. Read this novel. But don’t read it in bed, and don’t go to bed too late. Holt Spanish 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Grammar Tutor 41 Nombre Clase Fecha CAPÍTULO 7 NEGATIVE INFORMAL COMMANDS B Circle the verbs that express commands. Then indicate whether the command is affirmative or negative. Affirmative Negative ✓ 1. No duermas hasta las doce. 2. No trabajes demasiado. 3. Haz tu tarea todos los días. 4. Despiértate temprano. 5. No seas malo con tus compañeros de clase. 6. No vayas mucho al centro comercial. 7. Prepárate bien para los exámenes. 8. No leas novelas cuando hay examen. C A friend is coming to stay at your house for a month. Use the information provided to make up a list of house rules for him or her. Use pronouns if needed. 1. no comer en la sala y no fumar en ninguna parte No comas en la sala y no fumes en ninguna parte. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ver televisión todo el día ______________________________________________________________ 3. ser muy perezoso(a) con los quehaceres ______________________________________________________________ 4. acostarse muy tarde ______________________________________________________________ 5. dormir hasta las once los fines de semana ______________________________________________________________ 6. poner la música muy alto ______________________________________________________________ D How do reflexive and direct object pronouns change position in affirmative and negative commands in Spanish? Where do these pronouns go in English? a. Quítate los zapatos y ponlos en tu habitación. Take off your shoes and put them in your room. b. No te pongas los zapatos. No los lleves a la cocina. Don’t put on your shoes. Don’t wear them into the kitchen. Holt Spanish 1 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Grammar Tutor 42