Download Hajnówka: Week One

Hajnówka: Week One
13-17 June 2016
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
• Traditionally used to treat stomach problems
& arthritis.
• Recent investigations show that it also
demonstrates:
– Antioxidant activity
– Antitumor activity
– Hypoglycemic effects
– And other medicinal effects
http://www.botany.kiev.ua/doc/bisko2.pdf
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
• Pigment is composed of melanin
– Endomelanins and Exomelanins
• According to IR spectometry, these are of very similar
IR spectrum of endo- & exomelanins
composition
Elemental composition and functional groups of endo- & exomelanins
Exomelanins
Endomelanins
http://www.botany.kiev.ua/doc/bisko2.pdf
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
– Light spectometry shows a difference in these that
is characteristic of most fungal melanins
– The spectrum shows a similarity to melanin from
Inonotus obliquus.
• Generally, fungal melanin has a
higher absorption at the visible light
section of the spectrum.
• Low absorption in this area of the
spectrum is similar to the fungal
melanin in species Inonotus
obliquus.
http://www.botany.kiev.ua/doc/bisko2.pdf
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
– This difference could be due to the pathway that
P. robustus and I. obliquus use to produce the
melanin.
• Both P. robustus and I. obliquus use the shikimate
pathway, having p-hydroxybenzoic acid as an
intermediate.
• Many fungi use the pentaketide pathway which is
similar to the shikimate pathway but has 2hydroxyjuglone and falviolin intermediates.
http://link.springer.com.umiss.idm.oclc.org/article/10.1023/A:1015471324658
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
• Melanin acts as an antioxidant by inhibiting
benzidine and its methyl derivatives.
• Benzidine (and its methyl derivatives) can be
carcinogenic once it is converted into its
electrophilic metabolites. These can lead to
peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation reactions of odianisidine, releasing free radicals.
• Paramagnetic centers in melanin of P. robustus
can interact and neutralize these free radials.
http://www.botany.kiev.ua/doc/bisko2.pdf
Phellinus robustus
(Fomitiporia robusta)
Effects of melanin concentration
(μg mL–1) on the rate of DA
oxidation (V0)
http://www.botany.kiev.ua/doc/bisko2.pdf
Effects of melanin concentration
(μg mL–1) on the damage of
bacteriophage-λ DNA (%)
Salix caprea infected with
Melampsora caprearum
Salix caprea infected with
Melampsora caprearum
Top of leaf
Salix caprea infected with
Melampsora caprearum
Top of leaf zoomed in
Salix caprea infected with
Melampsora caprearum
Top
of leaf
zoomed in
Bottom
of leaf
Salix caprea infected with
Melampsora caprearum
Bottom of leaf zoomed in
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Top of leaf
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Top of leaf zoomed in
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Bottom of leaf
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Bottom of leaf zoomed in
Salix aurita infected with
Melampsora epitea
Bottom of leaf zoomed in