Download “IRobot” EE241 Introductory Electronics Laboratory SYED MOHSIN

November 5, 2010
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“IRobot”
EE241 Introductory Electronics Laboratory
SYED MOHSIN BUKHARI
(2013-10-0060)
UMER IFTIKHAR
BILAL SHAHID
(2013-10-0097)
(2013-10-0148)
1) SUMMARY:The project is basically a ROBOT that uses fundamental electronics and follows infrared
radiations from its surroundings (an IR beacon or source will be placed manually at any
specified position randomly where we would like our robot to follow) and hence it is
programmed to move in a certain direction (along the direction of intensity variation)
The practical application of the robot is vast, diverse and efficient to serve various human
tasks. For example, if employed in daily practice it may be helpful where accidental fires
may occur, such as in fire fighting equipments and may be coupled with alarms.
The wonder of this robot is that it can go to a predefined position without disturbing
human vision and allows, on a large scale, humans and robots to work under same
environment without any interference to humans and at the same time making robots
move without human intervention.
Another practical use of the robot is in the detection of unwanted leaks of IR radiation.
As the robot would detect changes in IR intensity, it will respond to abnormal intensity
variation and can be handy for practical purposes in conjunction with some specific
equipment (according to the purpose) to complement it.
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2) OBJECTIVES and REQUIREMENTS:i)
Determining the general direction of movement of the robot towards the point
from where the greater IR intensity is detected as opposed to weaker intensity
from elsewhere.
ii)
Making the robot move in a straight line if the intensity from the beacon or source
is falling at the sensors at such an angle that the robot must move perpendicular to
the source and there is no need for the robot to turn into any other direction.
iii)
Switch off the robot when the distance is too near the source, i.e. when the robot
reaches the position where it was supposed to be directed, it must then go
stationary as the robot has successfully reached its required destination or is in
close proximity.
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3) DESIGN OVERVIEW:•
Direction Determiner
Battery Power
IR sensor
IR sensor
Amplifier
Amplifier
Inverting Amplifier,
Gain=-1
Summer
Voltage Band Filter
Motor
1. Battery Power: Switches on the circuit.
2. IR Sensors: If more radiation falls on the sensors a greater output signal
is produced.
3. Amplifiers: Makes signals stronger.
4. Inverting amplifier: Inverts signal from one amplifier.
5. Summer: Adds two voltage inputs.
6. Voltage Band Filter: Gives a high output if input is above +X Volts and
a low output if input is below –X Volts.
7. Motor: Changes the path of robot.
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•
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Power Switch
IR sensor
Amplifier
NOT Gate
Robot Power
1. IR Sensor: If more radiation falls on the sensors a greater output signal is
produced.
2. Amplifier: Makes signals stronger.
3. NOT Gate: If input voltage is too high then it gives a low output. If input
voltage is below a certain level then output is high.
4. Robot Power: Robot is ON if input is high and robot switches OFF if input
is low.
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4) PROJECT DELIVERABLES:i)
The minimum deliverables are building and designing an electric circuit of a robot
that chooses its general direction of motion, that is towards the point from where
IR of greatest intensity is coming- it is detected by sensors that deliver a stable
high or low voltage, which is amplified and the through a voltage comparator
circuit, passed onto the next block which drives the robot, hence causing it to
move. The robot is so programmed that it stops at a point where an optimum IR
radiation is detected.
ii)
Provisions for debugging and enhancement to the design.
iii)
Final demo will be ready for demonstration of robot function and a justification of
design parameters.
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OPTIONAL OR ELECTIVE DESIGN ENHANCEMENT:The robot would return back from its position if it’s too near the source, i.e, if the sensors detect
certain intensity range, then the IRobot will rollback!
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5) PROJECT PLAN:i)
Think of a circuit where we can get voltage outputs based on varying intensities
of IR, i.e. transducing IR energy detected by sensors into electrical signals as voltage
outputs.
ii)
A circuit block that amplifies these outputs as voltage signals and another block
that compares them.
iii)
Test and design the circuit on LT-SPICE to proceed with the implementation.
iv)
Design, build and Test the circuit blocks, step-by-step, on breadboard.
v)
Think of a circuit which switches off the robot, based on the intensity of IR
detected (optimum).
vi)
Test the circuits on P-SPICE for schematics and check for final version of circuit.
vii)
Combine the two circuit blocks.
viii)
Test and implement the complete circuit on a breadboard.
ix)
Test the robot with proper circuitry and a modeled mobile design structure that is
robust yet simple and woks well in a real practical situation.
x)
Document the results, mark any inconsistencies or flaws and then testing and
debugging to achieve desired results and making a ready, fully functional robot as
required.
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November 5, 2010
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A first step in
implementation
of the project:
Testing a circuit
block on a
breadboard with
op-amps to
amplify and
compare
volatges and
variable resistors
to serve the
purpose of
sensors.