Download Calathea singularis and Stromanthe palustris

Volume 9, Number 1
1 999
Kennedy
Neotropical Marantaceae
63
5
:
-
Figure 2. Stromanthe
palustrisH. Kennedy. -A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. -C. Floweron upperleaf surface.D. Flower, face view.
portionof the petiole.It is most closely relatedto
Calatheaalbo-vaginata(K. Koch) K. Schumann,
sharingthe deciduoushabit,reflesedsheathmargins, and lack of a properpetiole. Calatheasingularis differsfromC. albo-vaginatain the green
vs. white marginof the leaf sheathand the bracts
erect,not reflexedat the apex.
de Janeiro,1954, G.Barroso
s.n.(RB88428);JardimBotanicodo Rio de Janeiro,withoutcollectoror date (RB
97116).
Stromanthe palustris H. Kennedy, sp. nov.
TYPE:CostaRica. Heredia:Finca La Selva,
the OTSField Stationon the RfoPuertoViejo
just E of its junctionwith the Rio Sarapiqui,
alongLoopTrailon S side of QuebradaE1SalParatypes. BRAZIL.Espirito Santo: Munic.Linharto,
ca. 6 m fromtrail,ca. 100 m, Aug. 1978,
es, ReservaFlorestalda Cia.Valedo Rio Doce,Est.GavB. Kirchoff 6578 (holotype, CR; isotype,
ea, ant. X-2, km 20,100, erva a beirada estrada,D. A.
Folli 1026 (CVRD).Cultivated.JardimBotanicodo Rio
DUKE).Figure2.
64
Novon
Aliis speciebusAmericaecentraliscombinatione
florum 13.5-16 x 96 mm. Corollatube white,glabrous,
purpureorum,
bractearumviridiumet foliorumbasalium
ca. 3 mmlong;corollalobes subequal,elliptic,obpraesentium
bene distincta.
tuse, white,pilose at apex, 7-8 x 4-5 mm. Outer
Caulescent,branched herb, 1.3-2.1 m high, staminodesoblong,roundedwith minuteacumen,
bearing3-5 basal leaves and 2-3 caulineon main basal2/3 white,deflexedapicalY3 purple,ca. 5 mm
stem, additionalshootsoftenproducedin the axils wide. Callosestaminodepetaloidapically,rounded,
of the cauline leaves. Cataphyllsstiff, coriaceous, reddishpurpleat apex, whitebasally,ca. 9 x 6.5
narrowlyovate, apiculate,dark green tinged with mm. Cucullatestaminodewhite, ca. 5 mm long.
purple;tomentoseto subvillousbasally,the hairs Antherlight brown,2 mm long. Style and stigma
borneon a raised,wart-like,cushionof cells lack- white.Ovarywhite,denselysericeous,hairsgolden
ing purplepigmentation;
up to 53 cm long. Leaves brownto 2 mm long, 2.5 x 2 mm. Capsuleunantitropic.Leaf blade herbaceous,ovate-oblong, known.
apex roundedwith eccentric acumen, base unStromanthe
palustrisandS. tonckat(Aublet)Eichequal, obtuse,often very shortly,abruptly,attenuler
are
the
only
species of Stromanthein Central
ate; 15-19 x 7-10.5 cm in subtendingleaf, 2S
America
with
purple
flowers.Stromanthe
palustrisis
62 X 11-20 cm in others.Leafblade aboveshiny
readily
distinguished
from
S.
tonckat
by
the several
darkgreen,glabrous,midribdarkolive-green,pibasal
and
cauline
leaves
vs.
strictly
cauline
leaves,
lose along each side at junctionwith blade; leaf
surfacebelow light green, glabrousexcept pilose the denselyvillousvs. sparselyappressedpiloseleaf
alongmarginat apex,midribolive-green,occasion- sheaths(hairsobviousto the nakedeye vs. hairsonly
andthe longerpulally tinged with purple,pilose along sides, more visiblewithlens or microscope),
vinus
(0.9-4.5
cm
vs.
0.190.5
cm). Stromanthe
denselyso at the base. Pulvinusbroadlyellipticin
hialmarssonii
(Kornicke)
O.
G.
Petersen
fromNicacrosssection,darkolive-green,tomentosealongthe
ragua,
which
has
basal
leaves
and
villous
leaf
front, the rest glabrous,articulate,ca. 2X wider
sheaths,
has
cream-colored
flowers
and
only
one
or
than petiole, 0.94.8 cm long. Petioledarkgreen,
two
cauline
leaves
and
does
not
have
the
additional
tomentoseto villoustowardbase, somewhatroughened with minuteirregularwarts,bearinga slight leafy shootsin the axils of the lowercaulineleaves
groove,(0)20-77 cm long, usually absent in up- foundin S. palustris.The specificepithet,palustris,
permostcaulineleaves. Leaf sheathwith stiff, pa- refers to the habitat of the species, growingin
perymargins,not auriculate,deep green,lighterat mucky,somewhatswampy,soil.
The descriptiongiven underCtenanthesp. nov.
margin,roughened,villous, hairs goldenbrownto
in
Hammel's(1986: 240) publicationof Maranta3 mmlong;sheathof uppermostleaf 5-7 cm long,
ceae
for La Selva is of Stromanthe
palustris."Cteothers1540 cm long. Base of leaf sheathswollen,
nanthe
sp.
nov."
referred
to
the
populations
on the
whitish yellow. Stem green, slightly roughened,
Osa
Peninsula
that
had
purple
bracts
and
distinctly
subvillous,hairs falling in age, the internodebetweenthe basal leaves and lowermostcaulineleaf, villousleaf sheathsandpetioles.Thesepopulations
60-110 cm long. Inflorescencesterminaland lat- arenowrecognizedas merelyone end of the (clinal)
eral, severalper shoot,imbricateinitially,spread- variationwithin Ctenanthedasyearpa(Donnelling with age, ovate,laterallycompressed,5 8.7 X Smith)K. Schumann,not a distinct species. Ctenanthedasyearpahas basal leaves and may also
2.5-3.3 cm. Pedunclelight greento yellow-green,
have
villoussheaths,but has persistentratherthan
sparselypilose, 1.913 cm long,longerin the axial
deciduous
bracts.
inflorescencesthan the terminalones. BractsdeCtenanthe
and Stromantheare closely related,
ciduous, distichous, S19 (generallyonly S12
presentat any one time duringthe mainflowering both havingantitropicleaves. Thile the majority
period)dorsiventrally
oriented,conduplicately
fold- of species are easily classifiedas belongingto one
ed, verybroadlyellipticto subround,apexrounded, or the otherof these genera,a few are problematic
havingsomecharactersfoundin both.Althoughthe
occasionallywith a very shortacumen,1.v2.1 x
1.1-1.7 cm. Bracts herbaceous,chartreuse,gla- longer sepal length (13 mm) is characteristicof
brousexceptfor a tuft of hairs at apex;innersur- Ctenanthe,I feel the aspect of deciduousrather
face shiny light green,each subtendingup to 2 or than persistentbracts is more significantfor its
the seed
moreflowerpairs. Bicarinateprophyllmembrana- placementin Stromanthe.Unfortunately,
and
capsule,
which
might
have
provided
additional
ceous, elliptic, apex obtuse,translucentlight chartreuse,carinasparselypilose at apex,the rest gla- characters,werenot foundin any of the specimens
brous,ca. 0.7 x 1 cm. Sepalsherbaceous,obovate examined.
to elliptic,obtuse,translucentchartreuse,glabrous, Paratypes.COSTARICA.Heredia: FincaLa Selva,
Volume 9, Number1
1 999
the OTSField Stationon the Rio PuertoViejojust E of
its junctionwith the Rio Sarapiqui,along QuebradaE1
Saltito,backof LoopTrail,900 m E, ca. 100 m, 29 Aug.
1980, B. Hammel9627 (DUKE).Limon: Hitoy Cerere
Reserveand vicinityin ValleLa EstrellaS of FincaConcepcion, Los Jabillos, near station, 140 m, 09°42'N,
83°02'W,2 Aug. 1985, B. Hammel& M. Grayum14352
(CR);HitoyCerereReserveand vicinityin ValleLa Estrella909°40'00"N,83°02'05"W,
28 Oct.1990,B. Hammel
et al. 17948 (CR).
Kennedy
Neotropical Marantaceae
65
8700068 to MichaelGrayumandBarryHammelfor
"A Manualto the Plantsof CostaRica"project.I
thankBarryHammeland MichaelGrayumforhelp
and consultationduringmyfieldworkin CostaRica
and for the use of their field vehicle; JosianeLe
Corfffor help in takingthe measurements;
andthe
staff at INBIOfor their assistancewhile based at
the INBIOresearchfacility.I thankthe curatorsof
CR, CVRD,DUKE,F, K, MO,RB, and UBC for
Acknowledgments.
I am especially gratefulto use of their specimensand/orherbariumfacilities.
the late RobertoBurle Marxof Brazilfor the op- I thank Fred Gandersfor supportand TomBauportunityto workwith his extensiveMarantaceae mann and Janet Dick for use of their DOS-comcollection.I thank Fatimade Gomesfor help at patiblecomputers.
Sitio BurleMarx,DimitriSucrefor sharinghis live
and herbariumcollections,and DorothyDunn de LiteratureCited
Araujofor assistanceand housingin Brazil.Field- Hammel,B. E. 1986. The vascularfloraof La Selva Biworkin CostaRica was supportedby NSF BSRologicalStation,Marantaceae.
Selbyana9: 234-242.