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Transcript
THIS WEEK 4 day week this week—3 day week next week!!! T- Renaissance Man W/TR- Renaissance men/artists F- Northern Renaissance NEW: Notes MAX one page, front/back All together so you do not lose them More activities to do with partners Expectations: Work hard, be respectful, complete assignments http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers?v= 7e2bA3tTYow&lr=1 WARM UP: What do you know about the Renaissance? Name an artist that you know from the Renaissance. What would you like to learn about the Renaissance? Name two things. ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE RENAISSANCE ENJOYING LIFE During the late middle ages, Europe suffered from war and plague Those who survived wanted to enjoy life DOUBTS AND QUESTIONS People start to question the Church which taught Christians to endure suffering to get to heaven Start to question society which blocked social advancement RENAISSANCE-”REBIRTH” Between the years 1300-1600 there was an explosion of creativity in Europe Historians call this period the Renaissance which means rebirth In this case, a rebirth of art and learning WHERE IT BEGAN Renaissance began in northern Italy and later spread north- Florence One reason Europe lagged behind is that France and England were locked in the Hundred Years’ War ITALY’S ADVANTAGES Italy had 3 advantages that encouraged the Renaissance: 1. thriving cities 2. a wealthy merchant class 3. classical heritage of Greece and Rome THRIVING CITIES The crusades spurred trade and growing citystates in Italy Northern Italy was urban while the rest of Europe was still rural Cities were places where people shared ideas and intellectual growth occurred THRIVING CITIES Bubonic plague killed 60% of the population bringing economic changes Survivors could demand higher wages with fewer workers A smaller population shrank opportunities for business expansion WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS Wealthy merchants began to pursue other interests like art City-states like Milan and Florence collected own taxes and had its own armies WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS Merchants were the wealthiest and most powerful class and dominated politics Unlike nobles, merchants didn’t inherit social rank Successfulness depended on own skills Successful merchants believed they deserved power and wealth because they worked for it CLASSICAL HERITAGE OF GREECE AND ROME Renaissance scholars looked down on the arts of the Middle Ages Wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans Another reason the Renaissance began in Italy, artists drew inspirations from the ruins of Rome Byzantine scholars brought ancient Greek manuscripts after the fall of Constantinople THE MEDICI’S The city of Florence came under power of the Medici family who made a fortune in banking Cosimo Medici didn’t run for political office but controlled the government by giving loans to council members His grandson, Lorenzo took power in 1469 after his grandfather died ASSASSINATION PLOT A rival family was so jealous of the power of the Medici’s, that they plotted to kill Lorenzo and his brother, Giuliano As the Medici attended mass, assassins murdered his brother at the altar Lorenzo escaped to a small room and held off attackers until help arrived He had the killers brutally and publicly executed HUMANISM Scholars focused on human potential and achievements Studied classical texts to understand Greek values instead of looking for Christian messages and values Humanists made subjects like history, literature and philosophy popular ENJOYMENT OF WORLDLY PLEASURES Some religious people proved they were religious by wearing rough clothing and eating plain foods Humanists suggested people could enjoy life without offending God In Renaissance Italy, people enjoyed material luxuries, fine music and tasty foods Most people remained devout Catholics, but the spirit of the Renaissance was secular- concern with here and now attitude Lived in big mansions, wore expensive clothing, had big banquets PATRONS OF THE ARTS Renaissance popes beautified Rome by spending huge amounts of money for art They became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists Medici’s had portraits made of themselves THE RENAISSANCE MAN All educated people were expected to create art The ideal individual tried to master every area of study Man who excelled in many fields was praised as a universal man- later called a Renaissance Man THE ULTIMATE RENAISSANCE MAN The book, The Courtier by Baldassare Catiglione taught how to become a Renaissance Man A young man should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He should dance, sing, play music and write poetry. He should be a skilled rider, wrestler and swordsman. Above all, he should have self control. THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN According to the same book, upper-class women should know the classics, be charming, inspire art, but rarely create it Upper-class renaissance women were much more educated than the typical Middle Ages woman, but had less influence LEONARDO DA VINCI TH ULTIMATE Renaissance Man A TURTLE…. LEONARDO DA VINCI A true Renaissance Man Was a sculptor, painter, inventor, and scientist Very interested in how things worked Studied how muscles move, veins in leafs Filled notebook with sketches of new inventions- even had diagrams of flying machines LEONARDO THE SCIENTIST Studied many topics such as anatomy, zoology, botany, geology, optics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics among others He was fascinated by the study of physiognomy, the “science” of evaluating a person’s character by his or her facial features Studied dead bodies to look at human form LEONARDO THE ARTIST Leonardo’s desire to paint things realistically was bold Went beyond his teaching by making a scientific study of light and shadow in nature Objects were not comprised of outlines, but were actually 3-D bodies defined by light and shadow Known as chiaroscuro, this technique gave his paintings the soft, lifelike quality that made older paintings look “cartoony” and flat MYSTERY OF THE MONA LISA He recorded in his notebooks the records of model sittings; but records of the Mona Lisa model sitting are nowhere to be found Theories are that Leonardo painted himself, and this theory is supported by analyzing the facial features of Leonardo’s face and that of the famous painting If the features of the face were placed on top of each other, and flipped, they would align perfectly LEONARDO THE INVENTOR Adapted drawing skills to the more lucrative fields of architecture, military engineering, canal building and weapons design Leonardo wanted to create "new machines" for a "new world“ Based on the gear, he came up with loads of different ideas, including the bicycle, a helicopter, an “auto-mobile”, and many military weapons Leonardo’s first idea for a catapult LEONARDO’S HELICOPTER THE FIRST TANK “LEO-CHUTE” DIVING DURING THE RENAISSANCE? THE WATER LIFT This invention consists of a water wheel, two screws and two towers As the water wheel turns, the screws turn, pushing the water up to the highest tower The tall tower acts as a reservoir for gravity fed water pipes THE MACHINE GUN This machine actually consisted of three sets of machine guns, set on a rotating drum When the first set is fired, the force of the explosion would pivot the guns down, bringing the next set of guns to the top, ready to be fired. THE THREAD CUTTER This machine cuts the threads of screws A bar, the one to have the thread cut into it, would be laid in between the two screws. As the cranks on the end of the table were turned, the cutting blade would be carried down the two screws, creating an even groove to be used for screws, bolts, etc. RENAISSANCE MAN? How was Leonardo Da Vinci like a Renaissance man? LEARNING GOAL: COURTIER ACTIVITY To understand the attributes necessary to be a proper Renaissance man. THE COURTIER ACTIVITY Part I-Today Part II- Wednesday/Thursday Directions: Baldassare Castiglione wrote The Courtier, a book describing life in the royal court. A Whole generation of young courtiers diligently followed his advice. Read the handout and outline at least 10 attributes of a proper Renaissance man. Tomorrow we will work on part II. WEDNESDAY/THURSDAY NOVEMBER 14/15TH To do today: Pass out tests Go over part II of activity Have 30 minutes to begin it Assembly Go over Renaissance artists Go over Renaissance writers Video Assignment to do Tomorrow is Friday!!!! WARM UP: Name five characteristics of a Renaissance Man. How is Leonardo Da Vinci like a Renaissance Man? DAY TWO: RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART LEARNING GOAL: COURTIER ACTIVITY To understand the attributes necessary to be a proper MODERN Renaissance man. PART II: MODERN RENAISSANCE MAN Part I: Question: What characteristics, values and ideals in our contemporary society would be valued today that might be used to determine whether someone would be considered a modern “Renaissance Man or Woman”? Name five things. DUE FRIDAY FOR HOMEWORK 15 minutes to brainstorm right now Part II: Task: Think of a person you know, famous or not, that would be considered a Renaissance man or woman. Requirements1.Print out the picture OR draw a picture of your chosen candidate. Staple it to this sheet. 2.On a separate sheet of paper, write one paragraph describing the personality traits of your person 3.Then, write one paragraph to connect their traits to the 16th century description of an ideal “Renaissance Man/Women”. How do they display these traits? Give specific examples from The Courtier on how they personify the ideal qualities. RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART RENAISSANCE REVOLUTIONIZES ART Artistic styles changed Often portrayed religious subjects, but would use realistic styles copied from classic models A TURTLE…. DONATELLO Made sculpture more realistic Carved natural postures and expressions that reveal personality MASACCIO Painter Rediscovered the technique of perspective, or 3 dimensional MICHELANGELO Another Renaissance Man A TURTLE…. SELF PORTRAIT OF MICHELANGELO Born in 1475 Died in 1564 BACKGROUND-EARLY LIFE He was born near Florence, Italy. When he was born his mother was too ill to care for him so his father took him to a stonecutter’s wife who nursed him and cared for him. Michelangelo said that’s why he loved sculpting. Michelangelo was an architect, painter, poet and sculptor. NUDITY IN ART Nudity in art contains nakedness. It is not considered wrong. It is considered a symbol of innocence and beauty. It was also common in art at the time. It is not the same as today’s pornographic idea of nudity. FAMOUS FOR… Famous for the way he portrayed the human body in sculptor and in paintings St. Peter’s Basilica Sistine Chapel David STATUE OF DAVID He made his statues look very lifelike. Sometimes they were made smooth, other times left rough. DAVID His great works were almost entirely in the service of the Catholic Church, and include a huge statue of the Biblical hero David (over 14 feet tall) in Florence, sculpted between 1501 and 1504 SCULPTURE MOSES Michelangelo made some of his finest sculpture for the Julius Tomb, including the Moses (circa 1515), the central figure in the much reduced monument now located in Rome's church of San Pietro in Vincoli. THE DYING SLAVE The Bound Slave and the Dying Slave (both c. 1510-13), Musée du Louvre, Paris, demonstrate Michelangelo's approach to carving. He conceived of the figure as being imprisoned in the block. Michelangelo left the statues unfinished (non-finito), either because he was satisfied with them as is, or because he no longer planned to use them. BACCHUS The over-life-size Bacchus (1496-98, Bargello, Florence). One of the few works of pagan rather than Christian subject matter made by the master, it rivaled ancient statuary, the highest mark of admiration in Renaissance Rome. PIETA The marble Pietà (1498-1500), still in its original place in Saint Peter's Basilica. One of the most famous works of art, the Pietà was probably finished before Michelangelo was 25 years old, and it is the only work he ever signed. ST. PETER’S BASILICA Michelangelo designed the dome to top St. Peter’s Basilica Church in Rome Began working on the church in 1546, and it still wasn’t finished in 1564 when he died Another architect had to finish it SISTINE CHAPEL Ceiling of Sistine Chapel HOW WAS IT PAINTED? Fresco painting: you apply plaster to the wall then paint on the plaster while it is wet. The painting then becomes part of the wall. This is how Michelangelo did the Sistine Chapel ceiling which is why it has stood for so many years. Pope Julius made (commissioned) Michelangelo paint the ceiling. It took him four years to complete the project. SISTINE CHAPEL From 1508-1512 Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome He spent hours each day laying stretched on his back on top of a high scaffold with paint dripping into his eyes During the day, he endured the heat beating upon the roof of the chapel At night he worked by candlelight CREATION OF ADAM CREATION DETAIL—HANDS TOUCHING Head of Adam Many of the panels show classical influence Much of the detail is about the Biblical prophet Joel Head of Eve Head of God CREATION OF SUN AND MOON THE CREATION OF THE HEAVENS SACRIFICE OF NOAH SEPARATION OF LIGHT AND DARK THE LAST JUDGMENT This was painted on the wall of the chapel. THE MADONNA OF THE STAIRS THE ERYTHRAEAN SIBYL THE FALL FROM GRACE THE FLOOD THE PROPHET ZACHARIAH THE LAST JUDGEMENT In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo was at work on the Last Judgment for the alter wall of the Sistine Chapel, which he finished in 1541. The largest fresco of the Renaissance, it depicts Judgment Day. THE LAST JUDGEMENT RAPHAEL A TURTLE…. RAPHAEL Was younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo Learned from studying their works Greatest achievement was filling the walls of the pope’s library with several paintings One of those paintings is the School of Athens, showing Raphael and other Renaissance artists listening to Greek philosophers RAPHAEL’S SCHOOL OF ATHENS WOMEN PAINTERS Although Renaissance society generally restricted women’s roles, a few Italian women became painters RENAISSANCE WRITERS Francisco Petrarch- a great poet, wrote in Italian and Latin, composed sonnets (14 line poems) Boccaccio- Italian writer best known for the Decameron, realistic, off-color stories about trying to survive the plague Niccolo Machiavelli- wrote The Prince, a political guidebook examining how a ruler can gain power and keep it, inspired of his enemies. He mentioned tricking enemies and his own people for the good of the state Niccolo Machiavelli Boccaccio Francesco Petrarch THE RENAISSANCE SPREADS Toward the end of the 15th Century, Renaissance ideas began to spread north from Italy to countries such as France, Germany and England RENAISSANCE WRITING ACTIVITY Learning Goals You will be able to analyze the messages that Renaissance writers were trying to get across. Directions: Read each of the excerpts from the Renaissance. Answer the questions regarding each in COMPLETE sentences. Prepare to discuss them with the class.