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NAME: ____________________________ Integrating Concepts in Biology II Instructions for Instructors: This sample exam covering Chapters 28-30 of ICB can be used as a guide to building your own assessment. Depending upon your goals and coverage, you may need to rearrange images and questions. This set of questions is too long for a single exam; you will have to select a subset of questions. You can reduce the size of the data galleries or keep them the same length. The Data Galleries do not contain every figure from these three chapters, but contains at least the ones necessary to answer the questions. See the ICB approach to assessment guide in the Instructor Resource area for more information Instructions for Students: This exam is worth 15% of your course grade and will be due in class on Wednesday, __/__/____. No exceptions; late reviews will result in a 10%/day deduction. You may not consult any notes, old tests, internet, texts or any other person while working on this review. Do not discuss the test with anyone until all exams are turned in. Your signature at the bottom of this page signifies that the work is yours alone and is pledged under the Honor Code. Once you begin you will have four hours to complete the review. There are __ pages in this test, including this cover sheet. You may use a calculator and/or ruler. The answers to the questions must be typed into the space after each question. For each question or part to a question, limit your answers to the constraints given. I have given you sentence limits so be concise. Any part of your answer beyond those constraints will not be graded. Save your work often, renaming this file “lastname_review1.docx.” Send it to me electronically when finished with the exam. Alternatively, you may print it and handwrite your answers, and turn in the hardcopy, if you prefer. If you do this, staple all pages and print legibly; I can only grade what I can read. There are several “Data Galleries” in the form of numbered figures and tables after the questions. Move appropriate figures from the galleries and incorporate them into your answers or cite the figure or table number in your answer. Do not assume that all figures will be used, or that you will only use a figure once. Simply placing data near your answer is not sufficient support: you must explain the significance of the data and how they support your written answer. Please do not write or type your name on any page other than this cover page. Name (please type or print): Read the pledge and sign if you can do so with honor: Pledged: ___________________________ (typing your full name here counts as your electronic signature) "Every student shall be honor bound to refrain from cheating (including plagiarism). Every student shall be honor bound to refrain from stealing. Every student shall be honor bound from lying about official college business. Every student shall be honor bound to report immediately all violations of the Honor System that come under his or her observation; failure to do so shall be a violation of the Honor System. Every student found guilty of a violation shall ordinarily be dismissed from the college." How long did this exam take you to complete? 2 1. (CH28) Describe seasonal changes observed in arctic fox used to help them maintain body temperature homeostasis. Use data and evidence from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 2. (CH28) Hypothesize a homeostatic mechanism to explain how the arctic fox’s body responds by growing longer hair. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 3. (CH28) Explain why the fur on an arctic fox does not get uniformly long on all parts of its body. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 4. (CH28) Do the camels maintain a consistent body temperature like other mammals? Explain the difference between the hydrated and dehydrated states for camel temperature homeostasis. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 5. (CH28) Present data that supports the hypothesis that the hypothalamus is involved in body temperature homeostasis in mammals. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 6. (CH28) Explain the data that shows hypothalamic regulation of body temperature in the horse. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. 7. (CH28) When the route of air is surgically diverted in a horses nasal cavity, what happens to the temperature in the hypothalamus and the cavernous sinus? What do you conclude about body temperature regulation from this result? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 3 sentences. 8. (CH28) Why does a human begin to sweat if his skin is never heated beyond 31° C? What cranial temperature appears to be the “sweat point” for this man? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 1 sentence. 3 9. (CH28) Describe how a horse’s skull morphology plays a critical role in an individual’s core body temperature homeostasis. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 2 sentences. DATA GALLERY #1 Figure 28.1 Figure 28.2 Figure 28.3 Figure 28.5 Figure 28.4 Figure 28.9 4 Figure 28.6 Figure 28.7 Figure 28.10 Figure 28.12 Figure 28.8 Figure 28.11 Figure 28.13 5 Table 28.1 Figure 29.1 Figure 29.2 Figure 29.5 Figure 29.3 Figure 29.4 6 Table 29.1 10. (CH28) Describe how and why two related species may allocate resources, such as nutrients or food, differently. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 3 sentences. 11. (CH28) What is the difference between sorghum and Johnson grass in how they allocate nutrient resources and what explains that difference? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 2 sentences. 12. (CH28) Describe how changes in protein content of food or consumption affect the allocation of resources. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 2 sentences. 13. (CH28) Describe two examples of homeostasis at the population level. Homeostatic processes lead to what kinds of changes in populations? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 2 sentences. 14. (CH28) Describe the principle of resource allocation and how it relates to homeostasis of populations. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 1 sentence. 15. (CH28) How would you test the hypothesis that sex of experimental subjects has an effect on a physiological trait? 7 16. (CH29) What do you conclude about the composition of phenotypes in populations of peppered moths in the United Kingdom and how that composition relates to the conditions in the environment? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 3 sentences. 17. (CH29) Describe data that show how long-term exposure to predation or a particular food level affects the evolution of reproductive traits. What differences do you observe in population of origin (predator-free versus high predation)? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 3 sentences. 18. (CH29) Are humans, when acting as predators, driving evolutionary change more rapidly than other selective factors? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 2 sentences. 19. (CH29) What are the implications for homeostasis of populations when environments change very rapidly? Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Limit your answer to 3 sentences. 20. (CH28) For TWO of the following three figures, explain both the animal’s response to changing temperature and the adaptation that helps maintain body temperature. Be specific. Figure 28.3 Figure 28.5 8 Figure 28.7 21. (CH28) The yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) lives along the northern California coast, in a very well-defined climate regime. Researchers examined the response of these birds to variation in temperature to understand their adaptations to their climate. They measured the thermoregulatory responses by measuring their body temperature and oxygen consumption at air temperatures between -10 and 45°C. The figures show body temperature (Tb) and metabolism (Hm; a measure estimated from oxygen consumption) during rest of birds exposed to various ambient temperatures. The line in the body temperature graph shows the line where body temperature equals ambient temperature. Solid lines in the lower graph are best fit regression lines for each portion of points through which the lines extend. The dashed line shows extension of one best fit line to the x-axis. a. Why does metabolism increase when ambient temperatures are above 38 oC? What effect does this have on body temperature? b. In what temperature regime (or range of temperatures) would you expect to find populations of these birds thriving, given the data in the figure, and why? 9 22. (CH28) What were the differences and similarities between the two species of grass in the figures below in how they allocated resources in response to nutrient level? Explain in no more than 3 sentences, using data from the figures. Figure 28.10 Figure 28.12 Figure 28.11 23. (CH29) Answer both of the following questions. Answers should be brief and concise. a. What do the data in Figures 29.2 and 29.3 indicate about homeostasis at the population level? b. What is the feedback mechanism at work here, and how do the data support your answer? 10 Figure 29.2(l) Percentages of peppered moths deemed conspicuous by researchers in one of two forests. Figure 29.3(r) Results of studies of peppered moths in two forests. 24. (CH29) Explain the mechanism(s) behind density-dependent population regulation in two different species we examined. Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answers. Limit your answers to 2 sentences per example. 25. (CH29) What differences do you observe regarding the mortality effects of small and large predators as damselfish density varies? What do these results suggest about regulation of damselfish populations? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 2 sentences. 26. (CH29) What are the effects of age and population density on rabbit reproduction? Does either of these factors act as a feedback mechanism involved in maintaining population homeostasis for European rabbits? If so, explain how the feedback works. Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than two sentences. 27. (CH29) How does the lower social rank of 1 year old rabbits relate to their fecundity as compared with older females, which are generally higher in the social hierarchy? Does this help explain how density affects population size, and if so, how? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 3 sentences. 11 28. (CH29) Describe a mechanism that could produce inverse density-dependence, that is, as density increases, population size increases, which is opposite to what is normally observed in densitydependent population regulation. Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 2 sentences. 29. (CH29) Is there unequivocal evidence that DDE causes eggshell thinning, and if so, what is it? If not, what else would you need to know to rule out other causes? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 2 sentences. DATA GALLERY #2 Figure 29.6 Figure 29.7 Figure 29.8 Figure 29.9 Figure 29.11 12 Figure 29.10 Figure 29.12 Table 29.2 Figure 29.14 Table 29.3 Figure 29.15 Figure 29.16 13 Figure 30.1 Figure 30.2 Figure 30.3 Figure 30.5 Figure 30.4 Figure 30.9 14 Table 30.1 Table 30.2 Figure 30.6 Figure 30.8 Figure 30.10 Figure 30.11 15 Figure 30.12 Figure 30.12 Figure 30.13 Table 30.3 Table 30.4 Table 30.5 16 Table 30.6 Figure ELSI 30.2 30. (CH30) Explain how fish can affect the phosphorus cycle, how the data from fish effects can be used to understand the phosphorus cycle, and how this illustrates the Big Idea of homeostasis. Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 4 sentences. 31. (CH30) How can individual organisms help maintain ecological system homeostasis when confronted by pollutants or contaminants? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 2 sentences. 32. (CH30) What is the effect of clearcutting a forest on export of organic and inorganic particulate matter? What effects do you observe over time in the two watersheds? How do you explain the decrease in particulate matter export in the clearcut watershed during year 5? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than two sentences. 33. (CH29) Interpret the two graphs below. Then explain how one of the graphs leads to a stronger conclusion than the other about the effects of DDE on birds-of-prey. Be brief but thorough. Figure 29.14 (l) Eggshell thickness in natural populations (circles) and captive populations (xes). Figure 29.15 (r) Relationship between dietary DDE fed to kestrels and DDE in eggs and eggshell thickness. 17 34. (CH30) How is climate change acting or predicted to act as a disruption to ecological systems? Name two ways, using data from Data Gallery #2. Limit your answer to one concise sentence per example. 35. (CH30) Explain how the data to the right relate to each of the following three Big Ideas. Answer in no more than 1 sentence per Big Idea. a. Homeostasis b. Evolution c. Emergent Properties Figure 30.6 Arsenic concentrations in brake fern. 36. (CH30) What is the purpose of the control plots set up with a FACE (free-air carbon exchange) array and no elevated CO2? What about the plots set up with no FACE array? 37. (CH30) What does it suggest to you to have a lot of scatter in a plot of ordinal day of first blooming over a 60-year time span? What do the data suggest to you if the day of first blooming of a flower species changes from year to year vs. another species that always begins blooming around the same day every year? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 3 sentences. 18 38. (CH30) Is there an effect of elevation on longevity and reproduction of epiphytic plants in tropical cloud forests, and if so, what is it? Do all species respond the same way to the elevation differences? Use data from Data Gallery #2 to support your answer. Answer in no more than 3 sentences. 39. Homeostasis is best defined as (highlight, underline or circle the best answer) a) a positive feedback control that enables the body to respond to changes in the environment. b) a control system that causes body systems to change if the external environment remains constant. c) a feedback system to maintain body systems within an optimal range while responding to internal or external changes. d) a feedback system that prevents a body system from changing. e) a control system designed to regulate the external environment by making subtle changes to the internal environment. f) None of the above.