Download Exam Friday The Spine Anatomy

BNG-345: Lecture 12
Exam Friday
The Spine
Anatomy
Monday, November 3, 14
Learning Objectives
Identify and describe the main regions of
the spine
Identify the components of the vertebrae
Identify and describe the function of the
components of the discs
Identify the main muscles of the spine
Identify the ligaments of the spine
Monday, November 3, 14
Vertebral Column
Consists of 33 vertebrae
Upper 24 are articulating
and separated by
intervertebral discs
The lower 9 are fused
5 at sacrum
4 at coccyx
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Vertebrae
A vertebrae consists of 2
parts:
An anterior part known
at the vertebral body
A posterior part known
as the vertebral arch
encloses the vertebral
foramen
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Vertebral Arch
Formed by a pair of
pedicles and a pair of
lamina
These support 7
processes
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Intervertebral Foramen
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Curves of Vertebral Column
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Cervical Curve
Convex forward
nd
2
Starts at
cervical
vertebra and ends at
2nd thoracic vertebra
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Thoracic Curve
Concave forward
Starts at 2nd thoracic
vertebra and ends at
12th thoracic vertebra
Most prominent
point corresponds to
th
spinous process of 7
vertebra
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Kyphotic Curve
The thoracic
curve is also
known as the
kyphotic curve
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Lumbar Curve
Convex forward
Starts at middle of last
thoracic vertebra and
ends at sacrovertebral
angle
Convexity of lower 3
vertebrae much greater
than upper 2
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Lumbar Curve
More prominent
in females
Curve also known
as lordotic curve
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Sacral Curve
Concave downward
and forward
Begins at
sacrovertebral
articulation and
ends at coccyx
point
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Regions and
Vertebrae
Shape
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Cervical Spine
C1 and C2 allow the
head all its movement
Most mammals have 7
cervical vertebrae
regardless of neck length
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Thoracic Spine
Transverse processes
have surfaces to
articulate with ribs
Can rotate some, but
ribs prevent much
flexion
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Lumbar Spine
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Sacral Spine
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Intervertebral Discs
Located between adjacent
vertebrae
Forms a fibrocartilaginous
joint that allows slight
movement between
vertebrae
Acts as a ligament
Shock absorber
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Disc Structure & Function
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Muscles
Spinal muscles attach
themselves to many
different vertebrae,
arms, legs, head, rib
cage, and pelvis
Movements of spine
include flexion,
extension, lateral
bending
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Erector Spinae
Most important
extensor muscle group
Returns column to its
erect position
It originates at many
locations
Subdivisions blend in
lower back giving good
lumbar strength
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Flexion Muscles
Located in cervical and
lumbar region
Rectus abdominis and
internal and external
oblique contribute to
spinal movement
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Trunk Flexion Muscles
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Multifidus
Long muscle with fibers
that extends from one
vertebral process to
spinous process of a
vertebra several levels
above
Helps with extension
and rotation
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Ligaments
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Spina Bifida
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Scoliosis
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Degenerative Disc
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Learning Objectives
Identify and describe the main regions of
the spine
Identify the components of the vertebrae
Identify and describe the function of the
components of the discs
Identify the main muscles of the spine
Identify the ligaments of the spine
Monday, November 3, 14