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The Fall of the Roman Republic Glossary of key words Republic A state without a king or sole ruler. The government of Rome before Augustus became first emperor is known as ‘The Republic’. Patrician The noble families in Rome; the upper classes Plebeian The ordinary citizens of Rome; the lower classes Equestrian The rich middle classes in Rome; members known as equites or ‘knights’. However, still plebeians. Senate The council which effectively ruled Rome before the emperors. Members met in the curia, or senate house, in the forum, discussed all matters and issued senatus consulta, or ‘decrees of the senate’. Members wore a broad purple strip on their togas. Cursus honorum The ‘course of honours’; normal political career for wealthy young Romans. All jobs were unpaid. Still operating under the emperors to give young men with ambition some ‘career path’. Consul Chief magistrates under the republic. Two elected each year, so that no one man would become two powerful. Performed the jobs the king had done, eg chief judge, chief general, head of state etc. Praetor Magistrates who presided in the lawcourts. Aedile Magistrates largely concerned with administration, such as care of the markets, public roads etc. Quaestor Financial magistrates, both in Rome and in the provinces Tribune The tribuni plebis, or ‘tribunes of the people’, were originally appointed to defend the people’s interests against the patricians. Their main power was the right of ‘veto’, which meant that they could stop any discussion in any meeting. At first plebeians only, could be tribunes, but later open to all. Dictator At times of crisis, the republic would appoint one man to control everything for a limited time (usually 6 months). Both Sulla and Julius Caesar were appointed dictator for life. Triumvirate A group of three men. The first triumvirate of Pompey, Crassus and Caesar was an unofficial alliance to use their combined influence to get what they wanted. The second triumvirate of Mark Antony, Octavian and Lepidus was officially appointed to take control of the state in a time of crisis, and perhaps marks the actual end of the republic.