Download Nervous System / Special Senses Lab List

Human Anatomy
Nervous System and Special Senses
(1) Neuron: Cell body, dendrite, axon,
myelin sheath, nodes of
Ranvier, Nissl bodies,
mitochondria, Nucleus,
Endoneurium, axon hillock,
terminal axon, terminal
branches
(2) Identify in Brain and Spinal cord:
Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Gray matter- non myelinated axons
White matter- myelinated axons
Pia mater (inner)
Arachnoid (middle)
Subarachnoid space
Dura mater (outer)
Subdural space
(3) Superficial features of the brain:
Gyri (plural), girus(singular)=
Twisted ridges on the brain surface
Sulci- shallow furrows or grooves on
surface of cerebral hemisphere
Central Sulcus,
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Fissure- deep furrow
Longitudinal Fissure= down center
of brain separates right and left
hemisphere
Lateral Fissure= separates temporal
lobe
Transverse Fissure= separates
cerebellum
(4) Lobes of the Brain (part of the
cerebrum)
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital,
Insula
(5) Other brain components:
Corpus callosum,
Septum pellucidum,
Fornix
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Intermediate mass of thalamus
Interventricular foramen
Anterior commisure
Pineal gland
Mammillary body
Pituitary gland
Optic Chiasma
Optic nerve
Choroid plexus (2 places)
Pons
Medulla Oblonganta
Cerebellum, arbor vitae
Brainstem
Olfactory tract
Olfactory bulb
Basal nuclei (Basal Ganglia)
Caudete nucleus (body),
Tail of caudate nucleus
Head of caudete nucleus,
Amygdala
Lentiform
Midbrain
Corpora quadrigemina
Cerebral aqueduct
(6) Ventricles of the brain (spaces were
cerebral-spinal fluid flows)
Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Lateral aperture
6. Ventricles of the brain (spaces were
cerebral-spinal fluid flows)
Median aperture
Central canal
Anterior horn
Inferior horn
Posterior horn
(7) Posterior view of brainstem
Thalamus
Third ventricle
Pineal body (gland)
Corpora Quadrigemina
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
(8)Twelve Cranial view (inferior brain)
Olfactory nerve (I)-to nose, for smell
Optic nerve (II)- to eyes, for seeing
Oculomotor nerve (III)- to eye
muscles- eye motion
Trochlear nerve (IV)- to superior
oblique, eye motion
Vagus nerve (X)-visceral, cardiac,
skeletal muscle movement
Accessory nerve (XI)-movement and
sensory of trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid
Hypoglossal nerver (XII)- to tonguecontrol speech and swallowing
(9) Spinal cord regions anterior to
posterior
**review the landmarks of a vertebrae
Anterior (ventral) root
Anterior gray horn (ventral)
Anterior white column/funiculus
Anterior median fissure
Gray commissure
Lateral white column/funiculus
Lateral gray horn
Central canal
Posterior white column/funiculus
Posterior median sulcus
Posterior (dorsal) gray horn
Posterior (dorsal) root
Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion
Spinal nerve (both lateral sides)
Rootlets (both anterior & posterior
sides
***know which side carries
sensory vs. motor neurons.
Trigeminal nerve (V) –to muscles
involved in mastication
Extending from spinal nerve:
Dorsal and ventral ramus
Rami communicantes
Sympathetic ganglion
Abducens nerve(VI)-to eye muscle
(lateral rectus), eye motion
(10) Ascending and descending pathways
**identify from book diagram
Facial nerve (VII)-to facial, scalp, and
neck muscle, taste buds
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)transmit sound and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal never (IX)-salivary
gland,taste
Descending (efferent/motor) fasciculi
1. Tectospinal
2. vestibulospinal
3. Lateral corticospinal
4. Ventral corticospinal
5. Rubrospinal
Ascending (afferent/sensory) fasciculi
1. Gracilis
2. Cuneatus
3. Ventral spinothalmic
4. Lateral spinothalmic
5. Dorsal spinocerebellar
6. Ventral spinocerebellar
7. spinotectal.
(11)Peripheral Nerves
Cervical Nerves
Throracic Nerves
Lumbar Nerves
Sacral Nerves
Coccygeal Nerves
Intercostal Nerves
Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Axillary
Lumbar Plexus
Femoral
Obturator
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Sacral Plexus
Sciatic nerve
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Posterior femoral cutaneous
Pudendal
Cauda Equina
Conus Medullaris
Filum Terminalis
(12) Parts of the eye:
Muscles of the eye (6)
Retina (rods/cones)- photoreceptors
Optic nerve
Blind spot (optic disc)
Choroid (blood vessels)
Sclera
Ora Serrata retinae
Anterior & posterior segment
Vitreous chamber
Vitreous humor
Aqueous humor
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
Lense
Ciliary body (muscle)
(13) Parts of ear:
External auditory canal (meatus)
Auricle (lobule and helix)
Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Middle ear
Mallelus
Incus
Stapes
semicircular canal
cochlea- mechanoreceptors
vestibulocochlear nerve
(14) Anatomy of the Cochlea
1. Choclear nerve
2. Spiral Ganglion
3. Spiral Lamina
4. Modiolus
5. Vestibular membrane
6. Cochlear duct (Scala media)
7. Helicotrema
8. Scala vestibule
9. Scale Tympani
10. Vestibular membrane
11. Stria vascularis
12. Basilar membrane
13. Spiral organ of corti
Supporting cells
Outer hair cells
Hair
Tectoral membrane
(15) Anatomy of the Cochlea
Inner hair cell
Afferent nerve fibers
Fibers of cochlear nerve
(16) Parts of the nose:
Olfactory bulb
Cibriform plate (ethmoid bone)
Olfactory receptors (chemoreceptors)
Olfactory hair
(18) Taste buds:
Circumvallate papilla (has taste buds)
In the taste bud: taste pore
Gustatory hair
Supporting cells
Gustaory receptor
(chemoreceptor)
Nerve fibers
Areas of taste: sweet: tip of tongue
Salty: along sides, sour: lateral posterior,
bitter: posterior of tongue
(17) Touch receptors:
All touch receptors are located in the skin
Free nerve endings (pain, heat, and cold)
Meissner’s corpuscle (touch, light pressure, vibration)
Merkel Discs (light touch)
Krause’s end bulb (touch, light pressure)
Ruffini’s corpuscle (pressure)
Root hair plexus (hair movement)
Pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure, stretch)
Proprioceptors
Models to study for the test
1. Brain models- there are three different brain models, make sure to see all three and be
able to identify the three major brain parts, their own landmarks, and meninges.
2. Spinal models- there are three different spinal cord models with varying degree of
complexity. Be able to identify the areas of the spinal cord, around the spinal cord
(including meninges) and the structures exiting the spinal cord
3. Vertabrae and sacrum- this model shows the spinal cord within the spinal column, the
spinal nerves, and other spinal cord structures.
4. The neuron- (2 models) the long large model shows you the three parts of a neuron a
small one focuses on the synaps
5. muscle fiber- focus on neuromuscular junction
6. Skin model- will be able to see some skin receptors
7. Ventricles- be able to identify the ventricles and choroid plexus
8. Ear model- twp different one
9. Eye models- small, large, purple
10. Flat nose model
11. Flat nerve guy
12. Dissected sheep/cow eye and sheep brain
Slides- nerve ls & cs, spinal cord, and other slides in box