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Explain what xylem and phloem are used for. Name one main function of flowers. Xylem moves water and nutrients upward from the roots. Phloem moves food downward from the leaves 1. Used for reproduction Name 5 characteristics of members of the plant kingdom. Sunlight is absorbed by chloroplasts, and combines with water from the roots and carbon dioxide to produce food (sugar) and oxygen. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Eukaryotes Contain a cell wall Multicellular Producers Do not move on their own What do nonvascular plants use to obtain nutrients? How is this different from vascular plants? Nonvascular plants rely on diffusion and osmosis to obtain nutrients. Vascular plants use “pipes”, xylem and phloem. Explain sexual reproduction in plants. First the pollen from the anther must get to the stigma (pistil) this is called pollination. Then the sperm travels down to the ovule in the ovary. When the sperm and egg (ovule) join together the egg becomes fertilized and a fruit will begin to grow. Name one main function of roots. 1. Supply water and minerals from the soil. 2. Support and anchor plant 3. Store food Name one main function of stems. 1. Support plant body 2. Transport materials between roots and leaves Name one main function of leaves. 1. Capture sunlight to make food. Describe the process of photosynthesis. What is the function of the cuticle? The cuticle is a waxy covering that protects the plant from water loss. What is the function of stomata and guard cells? Explain the reasons why stomata open and close. Stomata and guard cells let carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water out of the leaves. Stomata are open during the daytime, when photosynthesis can take place. They close at night because photosynthesis can not take place and to conserve water. How is reproduction different in angiosperms and gymnosperms? Angiosperms reproduce by producing flowers. Gymnosperms reproduce by producing cones. What parts of the flower develop in the fruit and the seeds? The fruit develops from the ovary. The seeds develop from the ovule. How are monocots different from dicots? Monocots: Flower parts in 3’s Parallel veins 1 cotyledon scattered tissue Dicots: Flowers parts in 4 or 5’s Branched veins 2 cotyledon vascular tissue in rings