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e-Bug Research Period Findings Research Report a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European campaigns Methods • A questionnaire was devised for distribution to each Associated partner • • • • • Belgium Czech Republic Denmark France Great Britain • • • • • Greece Italy Poland Portugal Spain • Teacher focus groups were carried out in the UK a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European campaigns Objectives • Examine the educational structure across each associate partner country • Assess what children are being taught in school with regards to • • • • • good and bad microbes hand hygiene respiratory hygiene antibiotic use vaccines • Decide where and how e-Bug will fit into the curriculum Education Structure across Europe Student Age (years) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Belgium FR Belgium FL Belgium GR Czech Republic Denmark France Great Britain ENG Great Britain WAL Great Britain NIR Great Britain SCO Greece Italy Poland Portugal Spain Pre school Lower Secondary Primary Upper Secondary Compulsory Full Time Education Junior packs Senior packs 15 16 17 18 19 Associate and Collaborating Countries 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Belgium FR Belgium FL Belgium GR Czech Republic Denmark France Great Britain ENG Great Britain WAL Great Britain NIR Great Britain SCO Greece Italy Poland Portugal Spain Croatia Finland Hungary Ireland Latvia Lithuania Slovakia Slovenia Junior packs Senior packs Curriculum content Microbes About micro organisms? The difference between bacteria, virus and fungi? About good and bad microbes? That microbes are found everywhere There are different species of bacteria CZ FR GB EL IT Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included PL Curriculum content Microbes • Children are taught about microbes at both Junior and Senior schools • With the exception of France and Great Britain, children are taught about the different types of microbes in both Junior and Senior Schools Curriculum content Hand Hygiene The importance of hand hygiene? How to wash their hands properly? That microbes can spread via unclean hands? The difference between clean and sterile ? When to wash their hands, before eating, etc? CZ FR GB EL IT PL Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included Curriculum content Hand Hygiene • All countries include structured hand hygiene in the curriculum of both Junior and Senior schools • All countries teach that disease can spread via unclean hands • None of the countries teach the recommended 8 steps of hand washing at Junior school level Curriculum Content respiratory hygiene The difference between a cold/flu? That a virus causes the flu? That sneezing can spread germs? To cover their mouth when they sneeze? Why they should do this? CZ FR GB Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included EL IT PL Curriculum content respiratory hygiene • All countries teach the importance of covering the mouth and nose when sneezing • All countries teach that disease can spread via sneezing • The difference between the cold/flu is only taught in senior schools with the exception of Greece and Poland Curriculum content Antibiotic use Antibiotics kill bacteria Antibiotics do not kill viruses Antibiotics also kill the good bacteria Antibiotics do not cure the cough/flu The importance of finishing a course of antibiotics Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are becoming a problem in hospitals CZ FR GB EL IT PL Primary Lower Secondary Included Not Included Curriculum content Antibiotic use • All countries teach that antibiotics are used to treat infection • Detail of education on antibiotics varies across Europe • Education on antibiotic resistance is limited across Europe • Only 2 out of 6 countries teach that antibiotic resistance is a serious problem Where e-Bug fits into the Curriculum Primary Secondary Belgium Science Science Czech Republic Science* Science Biology Chemistry Homeland study Denmark Science Science France Science Science Great Britain Science Science Biology PSHE Greece Science Science Italy Science Science Poland Science Science Perio Religion Portugal Science Science Spain Science Science * And in Slovenia, Slovakia and Latvia science (natural and social) account for the largest portion of time in the curriculum. IT Information Availability of computer access in schools 100 80 60 40 (:) 20 (:) * * 0 Belgium Czech Rep France GB Greece Italy Junior schools Computer access Junior schools Broadband Senior schools Computer access Senior schools Broadband * Mostly dial up connection (:) Information unknown Poland a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European campaigns 1(b) Public Campaigns • We asked AP’s to provide details of national public campaigns in: • Hand Washing • Antibiotics • Respiratory Hygiene • Campaigns categorised into target audience: • Health Service • General Public • School aged children Overall Summary • Details of 58 Campaigns – Deep information websites • Focusing on detailed information – Message based campaigns • Focusing on a small number of key points Examples • What types of media are being used for campaigns? • For each topic • Who are campaigns aimed at? • What are common messages? Media Poster Folder / Pack CD Website TV Novelties Leaflets Radio Newspaper Event Book BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns Hand Washing Visuals Hand Washing Visuals Hand Washing – Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Targets this audience Does not target this audience Hand Washing Messages Wash to avoid infection spread Wash your hands (without reason) Hand Washing Technique BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns Hand Washing Slogans • The Infections Stop Here (FR) • Hands Carry the Infections (FR) • Progress Passes Through You (FR) • Wash Your Hands • Wash hands / avoid infection (BELG) • Summer in good hands (BELG) • Together we can fight infection (UK) • Hands up for hygiene (UK) • Don’t cross them, wash them (UK) Hand Washing Slogans “a simple gesture can limit the risk of infection” (FR) Hand Washing - Slogans “Hands up for hygiene” (UK) Antibiotics Visuals Antibiotics Visuals Antibiotics Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns Antibiotics Messages Use antibiotics for right things Always finish your course Preserve effective antibiotics Don’t overuse antibiotics Antimicrobial resistance BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns Antibiotics Slogans • Use antibiotics less, and in the right way (BELG) • Use them for the right reason (BELG) • Antibiotics aren’t automatic (FR) • Don’t Wear Me Out (UK) • Ask about your antibiotics (UK) • Antibiotics Don’t Work on Colds • “Safe Drugs” (POL) Respiratory Hygiene - Visuals Respiratory Hygiene - Visuals Respiratory Hygiene - Who Health Service General Public (adult) School Aged BG FR GB EL IT PL Targets this audience Doesn’t Target this audience Respiratory Hygiene Messages Get your vaccination Cold / flu information Sinus infection information BG FR GB EL IT PL Used in campaigns Not used in campaigns Respiratory Hygiene Slogans • Adopt these gestures to protect us (FR) • Coughs and sneezes spread diseases (UK) • Sneeze in your sleeve (Sweden, Canada, USA) Often, no repeated or iconic ‘slogans’ Mainly information focused Section 1(b) - Summary • No overall ‘European’ look of campaigns • No single defining characters or slogans • Lack of existing campaigns aimed at school pupils in antibiotics usage • Lack of respiratory hygiene campaigns that focus on spread of infection a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European campaigns 1(c) Patterns of… • We asked AP’s to give us details of patterns of: • Antibiotic Usage • Population Dynamics • Infection • Focus on important results for e-Bug • Differences between countries • Important messages • Interesting results Antibiotic Availability • In all countries, antibiotics only available with prescription Exception: Greece allows prescription and over counter UK and Poland allow very limited topical antibiotic OTC Antibiotics - Advertising • Across all countries, no advertising to public Exception: Czech Republic, where advertising allowed in all media Antibiotics - Usage • Reasons for over-prescribing – Patient pressure – Caution • Including the inability to properly diagnose. – Socio-cultural factors Population Dynamics • Across Europe there is a significant mix of race • In e-Bug we will ensure that there is a mix of race in human characters • The national language is taught to all citizens • No need for multiple language versions of e-Bug for any country Exception: Belgium Patterns of Infection • No strong themes relevant for e-Bug as a whole • Individual countries may have pack tailored to their country’s recent outbreaks. a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European school education campaigns Stakeholders • During pack development • Ministries of Health • Ministries of Education • Schools / Teachers • For Pack Implementation • • • • Schools / teachers Education Shows Outreach Programmes Microbiological Societies a) The science school curriculum content associate partner countries b) Public antibiotic or hand hygiene campaigns and existing websites c) Pattern of antibiotic use, infectious disease and countries customs and cultures d) Details of Stakeholders who would be interested in the use and dissemination of the packs e) Details of other pan-European campaigns Pan European Campaigns • Healthy Cities • www.healthycities.org • Help For a life without tobacco • www.en.help-eu.com • European Sexual Awareness events • www.essm.org • Red Cross European Road Safety Campaign • www.1-life.info/2003/info/ Pan European Education Campaigns • CALIBRATE • supporting the collaborative use and exchange of learning resources in schools • Eurydice • Information network on education in Europe • Europa • Higher education in Europe • Insight • Examining e-learning across Europe • My Europe • Community of over 6000 schools learning about what it means to be European Thank you Any comments?