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Collision of Cultures – Chapter 1 England and Its Colonies – Chapter 2 Americas Before 1500s • Prehistory – before written records • Nomadic people traveled across Bering Land Bridge about 30,000 years ago. • Americas became diverse and well-populated • Farming = more settled life and time to cultivate other interests Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations • Mayas • Incas • Aztecs • North American Native Civilizations Hopewell – Ohio Valley (800 B.C. 600 A.D.) • Anasazis – Southwest – Lacked class structure – Warfare only selfdefense Why were the Native tribes vulnerable to conquest? • Large and fatal gaps in knowledge and technology • Disunity Early European Contact • Vikings –Leif Erickson and Erik the Red • Greenland • Newfoundland Europe Before 1500s Middle Ages – Medieval Period – Dark Ages 5th-14th Centuries – Fall of the Roman Empire – Unstable – Feudalism – Crusades -military expeditions to recover Palestine from Muslims exposed Europe to silks and spices, ancient Greek and Roman texts, technical innovations (movable type) – Black Death – 1/3 of Europeans died Europe Before 1500s Late Middle Ages – Growing commerce stimulated growth of new towns and markets Renaissance – “rebirth” 14th-17th Centuries – Time of inquiry – Reformation – Martin Luther posted Ninety-Five Theses 1517 Portuguese Exploration • Established themselves as the leaders in seafaring technology • Prince Henry the Navigator – established an academy for exploration • Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa • Vasco de Gama – reached India Portuguese Exploration • Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa • Vasco de Gama – reached India Columbus • Italian • Won support from King and Queen of Spain • 87 men – 3 ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, Nina) • Oct. 12, 1492 – reached San Salvador (Bahamas) • Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic • Returned home with natives as gifts to monarchs • p. 18-19 – Later voyages • Irony – New World named after Amerigo Vespucci http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/htallant/courses/his111/columb.htm • Treaty of Tordesillas – divided areas between Portugal and Spain for exploration and settlement orchestrated by Catholic Pope. Spanish Exploration and Conquest Nunez de Balboa – cross Panama on foot and saw Pacific Ocean Hernando Cortes – conquered Aztecs with 600 men Ponce de Leon – Florida Encomienda – Spanish landowners controlled villages – Indians paid tribute Read p. 29 – Summarize last two paragraphs. English Exploration French Exploration
