Download Branches of Buddhism

Branches of Buddhism
1. Theravada – teaching of the ancients
A division within Buddhism occurred at the beginning of the third century BCE,
primarily over the issue of enlightenment. Followers split into two traditions:
Theravada and Mahayana. Theravadins believe that enlightenment is accessible to
only a few true believers. The individual moves toward it alone, with no help from
rituals or even statues of Buddha, since Buddha and others who have died are
believed to have entered nirvana.
2. Mahayana – the greater vehicle
Mahayana is the “greater vehicle”, because there is room within it for all; salvation
or enlightenment is for all people. Followers of Mahayana refer to the earliest
Buddhist writings used by Theravadins, but also use many other writings.
3. Vajrayana – the diamond vehicle
Vajrayana is similar to Mahayana, but also includes mystical and occultic elements
from Tantrism, an ancient Indian tradition. The name derives from vajra, meaning
something bright, transparent, indestructible, like a diamond, and referring to the
purity of tantric spiritual power. Vajrayana uses mantra (chant), mudra (physical
gesture) and mandala (meditation circle). It began in India in the first century CE,
then spread to Nepal, Tibet, China and Japan.
4. Lamaism
Lamaism is the form of Buddhism widely followed in Tibet. Lama was originally a
word applied to a high spiritual leader, but later came to mean a monk. Lamaistic
Buddhism developed at the end of the seventh century CE, as a blend of Vajrayana
and the ancient Tibetan Bon religion. The Dalai Lama (“lama great as the ocean”) is
the figurehead, while the Panchen Lama (“jewel of the scholars”) is the spiritual
leader.
5. Zen
Zen Buddhism is popular and influential in Japan. Originally based on Mahayana,
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it was known as Ch’an and was introduced to China in the sixth century CE, from
where it spread into Japan in the twelfth century. Little importance is placed on
concern with teaching, and greater importance on meditation, leading to
enlightenment. Zen has left its mark on Japanese society, culture and customs.
6. Folk Buddhism
This is the dominant form of Buddhism in many parts of East Asia, particularly
rural areas. Elements of Buddhism are mixed with local religions, usually animistic.
This produces a spirit-based worldview and lifestyle based around rituals and
superstition. In some areas there are beliefs in other deity figures such as Buddha’s
mother, with temples dedicated to them. Folk Buddhists are often not aware of the
difference between their beliefs and the dominant Buddhist traditions.
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