Download NOTES - Circulatory

Circulatory System
11th Grade Health
Definition
 the body system consisting of the heart, blood vessels and blood.
General Purpose
 transportation of nutrients and oxygen to body cells
 transportation of waste from body cells
Structure & Function
 Heart – four-chambered muscle that pumps blood throughout the body
 right atrium(ACCPET) – receives blood rich in carbon dioxide from the body
 right ventricle(VENT) – sends carbon dioxide blood to the lungs for oxygen
 left atrium(ACCPET) – receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs
 left ventricle(VENT) – pumps oxygenated blood through aorta to the rest of the
body
 Blood Vessels – carry blood throughout the body; 3 Types.
 Artery(away) – carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the rest of the body
 aorta – main artery leaving the heart; largest in body
 Vein(towards) – carry blood with carbon dioxide from the body to the heart
 Vena cava – superior (upper body) & inferior (lower body)
 Capillaries – tiny vessels connecting arteries and veins; delivery point – where cells
receive nutrients and oxygen. (exchange point)
 Blood – composed of a liquid called plasma (90% water) and 3 types of blood cells
 red blood cells – hemoglobin carries oxygen; most numerous blood cells in body
 white cells – attack, surround and destroy pathogens; fight infection
 platelets – help blood clot
 hemoglobin – carries O2 molecules
 Types of Blood – blood types must match in order for transfusions to work
 Type A
 Type B
 Type AB – universal recipient
 Type O – universal donor
Circulatory System
11th Grade Health
General Care
 Avoid smoking & second hand smoke
 Reduce amounts of fat, cholesterol and salt in your diet
 Get plenty of rest (6-8 hours every night)
 Exercise – specifically running, jogging or bicycling (cardio) to strengthen heart, reduce
resting heart rate, and circulation
Problems – Diseases/Disorders
 Congenital Heart Disease – occurs during prenatal development; condition might include a
hole between 2 chambers of the heart, blockage of blood flow, dysfunctional valves
 Heart Murmurs – an abnormal sound in the heart beat; major cause is a defective valve; most
are light and benign
 Anemia – body does not receive a sufficient amount of oxygen due to a deficiency of RBCs
 Leukemia – type of cancer resulting in the abnormal production of WBCs; person is highly
susceptible to infection
 Hemophilia – an inherited disease in which the clotting factor is absent or abnormal
 Hypertension – Is high blood pressure a.k.a. “the silent killer”
First Aid
 Check ABCs (first aid emergency basics) – used to assess an unconscious victim.
 Airway, Breathing, Circulation
 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) – requires breathing for the victim and forcing the
heart to pump blood through the body ONLY WHEN VICTIMS HEART IS STOPPED!
 Heart Attack (myocardial infarction) – caused by a full or partial blockage of a blood vessel
of the heart.
Signs: Extreme chest pain, the feeling of indigestion, pain radiating down left arm, jaw pain,
difficulty breathing, sweating and nausea
Response: Sit victim upright, give aspirin, and take nitroglycerin tablets (CPR if needed)
 Stroke – blocked blood vessel in the brain –
Signs: Paralysis, slurred speech, pupils unequal, dizziness, & loss of balance.
Response: Call 911, Lie down – head and shoulders elevated – if unconscious lie on left side
with chin elevated slightly.
 Bleeding – Clean & Bandage to prevent infection(care giver needs gloves)
Response: Cover (more layers – don’t remove old ones); Direct Pressure – Elevation (above
the heart) – Pressure Points (Brachial/Femoral)
Relation to Other Systems
 Respiratory – collection/distribution of oxygen; removal of carbon dioxide
 Muscular – cardiac muscle; continual pumping of blood
 Skeletal – production of blood cells in the long bones