Download Chapter 6 lesson 1-4

CHAPTER 6 LESSON 1-4
By: Kaylynn Priday
Sam Davis
VOCABULARY
LESSON
1
Uniformitarianism- is a principle that states
that the same geologic processes
shaping the Earth today.
Catastrphism- is a principle that states all
geologic change occurs suddenly.
VOCABULARY LESSON 2
Relative Dating- determining weather an object or
event is older or younger than other objects or
events.
Superposition- is a principle that states that
younger rocks lie above older rocks in
undisturbed sequences.
Geologic column- is an ideal sequence of rock layers
that contains all the known rock and fossil
formations on Earth arranged oldest to youngest.
Unconformity- a surface that represents a missing
part of the geologic column.
VOCABULARY LESSON 3
Absolute dating- is the process of establishing the age of
an object, such as a fossil or
rock layer, by
determining the number of years it has existed.
Isotopes- are atoms of the same element that have the
same number of protons but have different number of
neutrons.
Radioactive Decay- radioactive isotopes breaking down
into stable isotopes of other elements.
Radiometric Dating- determining the absolute age of a
sample based on the ratio of parent material.
Hafe-life- the time it takes for one-hafe radioactive
sample to decay.
VOCABULARY LESSON 4
Fossil- any naturally preserved evidence of life.
Permineralization- a process in which fill in pore spaces
of an organism’s tissues.
Petrification- occurs when the organism’s tissues are
completely replaced by minerals.
Trace Fossil- any naturally preserved evidence of an
animals activity.
Coprolites- are preserved feces of animals.
Mold- is a cavity in the ground or rock where a plant or
animal was buried.
Cast- is an object where sediment fills in a mold and
becomes a rock.
Index Fossils- fossils of an organism that lived during a
relatively short, well-defined time span.
UNIFORMITARIANISM
What's the difference?
Uniformitarianism is a principle that states
that the same geologic process shaping
the Earth today have been at work
throughout Earth’s history.
Catastrophism is a principle that states
that all geologic change occurs suddenly.
Scientists had thought the Earth formed by
catastrophism
RELATIVE DATING
Determining weather an object or event is older
or younger than other objects or events.
The Geologic Column
Is an ideal sequence of rock layers that contains
all the known fossils and rock formations on
Earth arranged from oldest to youngest. When
geologists are not sure about the age of a rock
sequence they are currently studing, they
gather information about the sequence and
compare it to the geologic column.
Disturebed Rock Layers
Fault
Is a break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of the crust
slide relative to one another.
Intrusion
Is molten rock from the Earth’s interior that squeezes into
exsiting rock and cools.
Folding
Occurs when rock layers bend and buckle from Earth’s
internal forces.
Tilting
Occurs when internal forces in the Earth slant rock layers
without folding them.
Unconformities
Disconformity- exists where part of a sequence of a
parallel rock layers is missing.
Nonconformity- exists where sedimentary rock layers
lie on top of an eroded surface of nonlayered
igneous or metamorphic rock.
Angular Unconformity- exists between horizonal rock
layers and rock layers that are tilted or folded