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The Spread of Ideas
during the Renaissance
Lesson 12-2
Discovery School Video – 15m
Leonardo da Vinci – 5m
Galileo’s Telescope – 4m
Machiavelli and The Prince – 5m
1
• TN SPI
– 6.5.14 Recognize how the Renaissance changes
the nature of society (shift from religious
domination to science, philosophy, and art)
– 6.6.2 Recognize the impact of individuals on
world history (Johannes Gutenberg, Galileo)
2
Theocracy
• A theocracy is a form of government where
religious rulers run the government.
• Prior to the beginning of the Renaissance, lands
were ruled by feudal kings or the Roman Catholic
Church.
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The Church had religious power.
The Church controlled people’s beliefs.
The Church had economic power.
The Church had political power.
The Church was NOT controlled by the king.
3
A Change in Thought
• The Renaissance was a widespread change in
culture and thought that took place in Europe
beginning in the 1300s.
• Feudalism was on the decline, successful
merchants bought up feudal lands, and nobles
moved to cities.
• Italy was the cradle of change. Italian citystates were not under the control of a king or
the Roman Catholic Church.
4
A Change in Thought
• During the Renaissance, people looked back to
what earlier groups had done.
• They studied their ideas, inventions, art, and
pastimes.
• Instead of thinking how wonderful it will be in
the afterlife, they made the present as
wondrous as they could.
5
Humanism
• The thing that sparked most of the excitement
during the Renaissance was humanism which
focused on the ideas and actions of the
individuals.
• Scholars searched the world through
questioning and investigation.
• People were inspired by Classical civilizations
like the Greeks and Romans.
6
Johannes Gutenberg
• About 1450 a German printer
named Johannes Gutenberg
invented movable type used
on a printing press.
• The printing press used many
small pieces of metal with
single letters or numbers that
could be arranged in trays to
form rows of words and could
be easily changed.
• The printing process became
much easier and faster.
7
8
Johannes Gutenberg
• Prior to the invention of movable type:
– Books were copied by hand.
– Books were printed with blocks of carved wood that
were inked and stamped.
• In 1455 Gutenberg printed a 1,200 page Bible.
• Books became cheaper and more widespread.
• Printing presses could be found in all major
European cities.
• Through the printed page, ideas of the
Renaissance spread quickly through Europe.
9
Gutenberg Bible
• Each copy of the
Gutenberg Bible used as
many as three million
metal letters.
• It took several months,
many workers, and six
printing presses to make.
• Of the 200 copies that
were made,
approximately 40 exist
today.
10
William Shakespeare
• William Shakespeare, considered the greatest writer of
the Renaissance, was famous for plays and poems.
• Ordinary people, nobles, and royalty alike crowded
London’s Globe Theatre to see Shakespeare’s plays.
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Romeo and Juliet
Julius Caesar
Antony and Cleopatra
Hamlet
King Lear
Timon of Athens
• He wrote at least 37 plays based on ancient works.
11
New Ideas in Science
• (1500s) Nicolaus Copernicus presented mathematical
calculations to prove the Earth revolved around the sun
and was not the center of the universe.
• (1600s) Galileo proved Copernicus’s theory with the
invention of his telescope. It showed the Earth did
move around the sun.
• (1600s) Isaac Newton formed the theory of gravity,
and explained how the planets circle the sun.
• Newton followed a scientific method that required
ideas to be tested through observing and
experimenting.
12
13
Renaissance Architecture
• Renaissance architects drew ideas from
ancient Greece and Rome. (columns, arch,
dome)
• Medieval churches were built in the shape of a
cross.
• Architects designed buildings in a circular
shape.
• In the ancient world, the circle (a simple, clean
figure) represented the perfect shape.
14
Bell Tower of Pisa
• A freestanding bell tower, of
the cathedral of the Italian
city of Pisa.
• Construction began in 1173
and continued until 1372 (177
yrs.) when the 7th floor and
bell tower (8th floor) were
completed.
• The tower began to sink after
the 3rd floor was added due to
an unstable foundation.
15
Galileo and the Tower
• Galileo is said to have
dropped two cannon
balls of different
masses from the tower
to demonstrate that
their speed of descent
was independent of
their mass.
16
Bell Tower of Pisa
• In May 2008, after the
removal of another 77
tons of earth, engineers
announced that the Tower
had been stabilized and
stopped moving for the
first time in its history.
• They stated it would be
stable for at least 200
years.
17
Renaissance Architecture
• This small temple
built in 1502 in
Rome marks the
place where Peter
was put to death.
18