Download AP Bio Problem Set 2: Ch 4-5

SGSQ Chapter 4 & 5 Solutions
1. Fill in the following table on the functional groups.
Functional Group
Molecular Formula
− OH
>C=O
-COOH
− NH2
-SH
-PO4-3
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
amino
sulfhydryl
Phosphate
Names and Characteristics of Organic
Compounds Containing Functional Group
Alcohols; polar group
Aldehyde or ketone; polar group
Carboxylic acid; release H+
Amines; basic, accept H+
Thiols; cross-links stabilize protein structure
Used in energy transfers
2. Hydrocarbons are not soluble in water because
a. they are hydrophilic
b. the C-H bond is very non polar
c. they do not ionize
d. they store energy in the many C-H bonds along the carbon backbone
e. they are lighter than water
3. Circle the functional group that can cause an organic molecule to act as a base and Box the one that
confers acidic properties.
a. –COOH
b. –OH
c. –SH
d. –NH2
4.
5.
e. >C=O
a. Circle the atoms of these two glucose molecules that
will be removed by a condensation reaction.
b. What is the name of the linkage formed? glycosidic
c. Draw the resulting maltose molecule.
In the diagram to the right of a portion of a polypeptide, identify
the types of interactions that are shown. What level of structure
are these interactions producing? Tertiary structure
a. hydrogen
b.
hydrophobic interaction (vander Waals)
c.
disulfide bridge
d.
ionic bond
6.
What happens when a protein denatures?
a. It loses its primary structure
b. It looses its secondary and tertiary sturctures
c. It hydrolyzes into component amino acids
d. Its hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, and peptide bonds are disrupted.
7.
Match the following molecules to the descriptions below:
___ab__ 1. molecules that would combine to form a fat
___a__ 2. molecules that would be attached to other monomers by a peptide bond
___cef__ 3. molecules or groups that would combine to form a nucleotide
___fg__ 4. molecules that are carbohydrates
___c__ 5. a purine molecule
___a__ 6. monomer of a protein
___ef__ 7. groups that would be joined by a phosphodiester bond
8. A fatty acid that has the formula C16H32O2 is
a. Saturated [CnH2nO2]
b. unsaturated
c. branched
d. hydrophilic
e. part of a steroid molecule
9. Which number(s) in the molecule to the right
refer(s) to a peptide bond?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
10. Zucchin cubes placed in sucrose solutions at 27˚C resulted in the following percent changes after 24
hours
Sucrose Molarity
% Change in Mass
ψ = ψp + ψs
d H2O
20%
0.2 M
10 %
ψs = -i C R T
0.4 M
-3%
0.6 M
-17%
T = ˚C + 273
0.8 M
-25%
R = 0.0831 L·bar/mol· K
1.0 M
-30%
The Graph results are as
follows:
a. What is the Molar
concentration of solute
in zucchini cells?
0.36 M
b. Calculate the water
potential (ψ) in the
zucchini cells
ψs = -1(0.36) R (300)
= -8.97
ψ = 0
+ -8.97
= -8.97
c. The San Jaoquin River Delta in Northern California experiences increasing sea water intrusion
each year (salt water moves up the river contaminating fresh water supplies). Briefly explain why
this would be a problem for the commercial agriculture in the area.
If the salt concentration in the now salty farming water is > the solute concentration in the
agricultural plants, water will leave the plants. A higher concentration of solute causes a more
negative water potential. Water will move from higher water potential (more +) to lower water
potential (more - ). If the difference is really large then the plants may experience plasmolysis and
die making it impossible to grow agricultural crops.
11.
Fill in the following concept map that summarizes this carbohydrates
12.
Fill in this concept map to help you organize your understanding of lipids
13.
Sketch a section of a phospholipid bilayer of a membrane, and label the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail of one
of the phospholipids.
14.
a. Label the three parts of this nucleotide. Indicate with an
arrow where the phosphate group of the next nucleotide would
attach to build a polynucleotide.
b. Is this a purine or a pyrimidine?
c. Is this a DNA or RNA nucleotide?