Download Study Guide 2—Chemical Principles 1. Understand, define and be

Study Guide 2—Chemical Principles
1. Understand, define and be able to use the following terms: matter, element, molecule,
compound, mixture, atom, proton, neutron, electron, isotope, ion, ionic bond, covalent bond,
hydrogen bond, molecular weight, mole, endergonic reaction, exergonic reaction, synthesis
reaction, anabolism, condensation (dehydration) synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction,
catabolism, hydrolysis reaction, exchange reaction, organic compound, inorganic compound,
polar molecule, solvent, solute, dissociation, acid, base, salt, pH, buffer, functional group,
monomer, polymer, macromolecule, carbohydrate, monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide, lipid, triglyceride, fatty acid, glycerol, phospholipid, sterol, steroid, protein,
amino acid, peptide bond, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary
structure, denature, nucleic acid, DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP.
2. Calculate the molecular weight of a given molecule, and describe how you would make a 1
molar solution using that molecule.
3. Describe how chemical bond formation is different in covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and
hydrogen bonds.
4. Discuss the properties of water and how/why these properties are important for life.
5. Discuss the relationship between [H+] and [OH-] in a solution, and how their concentrations
relate to the pH of that solution.
6. Discuss the relationship between condensation (dehydration) synthesis and hydrolysis
reactions with respect to their roles in anabolic and catabolic processes in each of the 4 major
groups of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
7. With respect to the 4 major groups of biological molecules, be able to describe the
relationships and basic characteristics regarding the monomers and polymers of each.