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Chemical Demonstration Revision 1.0 Solubility of Alcohols What Is Happening A few milliliters of each of the following Alcohols is added to about 30mL of Water. Name Chemical Formula # Carbon Atoms Methanol (Wood Alcohol) Ethanol (Grain Alcohol) Propanol Butanol Pentanol CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 1 2 3 4 5 By definition, an Alcohol is an organic compound containing a –OH grouping. Each of the above are referred to as n-Alcohols, or Normal Alcohols, as the –OH group occurs at the end of the carbon chain. Background When Methanol (CH3OH) is added to Water, the dominant intermolecular force acting between the molecules is H-Bonding. By the general rule of Like-Dissolves-Like, these two compounds will dissolve in each other as each is capable of H-Bonding. However, as the number of Carbon atoms in the molecule increases, the dominant intermolecular force between the Alcohol and Water molecules becomes an LDF interaction. Again, by the general rule, these compounds will not dissolve in each other. Hence, as the number of Carbon atoms in the chain increase, the less soluble will be the Alcohol in Water. We can see this in the measured solubilities listed below: Alcohol Solubility in Water [g/100mL water] Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol Pentanol Hexanol Infinite Infinite Infinite 8.0 2.2 0.7
