Download Respiratory System Diseases

Respiratory System Diseases
HCT II
Asthma
• Respiratory disease usually caused by a
sensitivity to an allergen
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Dust
Pollen
Animals
Food
Asthma Symptoms
• Occurs when bronchospasms
narrow openings of
bronchioles, Mucus
production increases, edema
develops in the mucosal
lining
• Dyspnea and wheezing
• Tightness in the chest
• Coughing with expectoration
of sputum
• Tightness in the chest
Asthma Treatment
• Bronchodilators
• Epinephrine
• Anti-inflammatory
medications
• Oxygen therapy
• Identification and
elimination of
allergies
Acute Bronchitis
• Usually caused by an
infection’
• Characterized by:
▫ A productive cough (last
3-4 weeks)
▫ Dyspnea
▫ Fever
▫ Chest pain
• Treated with
antibiotics and cough
expectorants
Chronic Bronchitis
• Occurs after frequent
attacks of acute
bronchitis and long
term exposure to
pollutants or smoking
• Characterized by:
▫ Chronic inflammation
▫ Damaged cilia
▫ Enlarged mucous glands
Chronic Bronchitis Symptoms
• A productive cough
• Wheezing
• Dyspnea (painful
breathing)
• Chest pain
• Prolonged expiration
of air
• Treatment (no cure)
▫ Antibiotics
▫ Respiratory therapy
▫ bronchodilators
Emphysema
• Noninfectious chronic respiratory disease
• Occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate
and lose their elasticity
▫ Carbon dioxide remains trapped in the alveoli
▫ Poor exchange of gases
• Causes
▫ Heavy smoking
▫ Prolonged exposure to pollutants
Emphysema Symptoms
• Dyspnea
• Feeling of suffocation
• Pain and a barrel chest
• Chronic cough
• Cyanosis
• Rapid respirations
• Eventual respiratory failure &
Death
Emphysema Treatment
• Treatment but no cure
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Avoid smoking
Quit smoking after diagnosis
Bronchodilators
Prompt treatment of respiratory infections
Oxygen therapy
Respiratory therapy
Laryngitis
• Inflammation of the vocal cords
• Frequently occurs with respiratory
infections
• Symptoms
▫ Hoarseness
▫ Sore throat
▫ Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
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Treatment
▫ Limit use of voice
▫ Medications if an infection is
present
▫ Rest and fluids
Pleurisy
• Inflammation of pleura or membranes of the
lungs
• Usually occurs with pneumonia or other
infections
• Symptoms:
▫ Sharp stabbing pain with breathing
▫ Crepitation or grating sounds in the lungs
▫ Dyspnea and fever
Pleurisy treatment
• Rest
• Medications to relieve pain and inflammation
• If fluid collects in the pleural space a
thoracentesis (removal of fluid through a needle)
is done to remove fluid and prevent compression
of the lungs
Pneumonia
• Inflammation or infection of the lungs with a
buildup of fluid or exudate in the alveoli
• Usually caused by bacteria, virus or chemicals
• Symptoms
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Fever
Chills
Chest pain
Productive cough
Fever
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Pneumonia Treatment
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Bed rest
Fluids
Antibiotics (if bacterial)
Respiratory therapy
Pain medication
Bronchodilators
• Often diagnosed as bronchitis first. Chest x-rays
assist with the diagnosis.
You likely will not have to go to the hospital unless you:
•Are older than 65.
•Have other health problems, such as COPD, heart failure,
asthma, diabetes, long-term (chronic) kidney failure, or chronic
liver disease.
•Cannot care for yourself or would not be able to tell anyone if
your symptoms got worse.
•Have severe illness that reduces the amount of oxygen getting
to your tissues.
•Have chest pain caused by inflammation of the lining of the
lung (pleurisy) so you are not able to cough up mucus effectively
and clear your lungs.
•Are being treated outside a hospital and are not getting better
(such as your shortness of breath not improving).
•Are not able to eat or keep food down, so you need to take
fluids through a vein (intravenous).
Tuberculosis (TB)
• Infectious disease of the lungs caused by
▫ Bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
• At times white blood cells surround the TB
organism
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Wall them off, creating a nodule called a tubercle
Organisms remain dormant in the tubercle
Can later become active tuberculosis is body
immune system is lowered.
Symptoms of TB
• Fatigue and chest
pain
• Fever and night
sweats
• Weight loss
• Hemoptysis or
coughing up blood
tinged sputum
Treatment of TB
• Administration of drugs for one or more years to
destroy bacteria
• Good nutrition and rest
• In recent years a new strain of TB bacteria has
been diagnosed and is resistant to drug therapy.
This has created a concern that TB will become a
widespread infectious disease.
LUNG CANCER
• Leading cause of death in both men and women
• This can be a preventable disease, since the main
cause is exposure to carcinogens in tobacco.
▫ Smoking
▫ Second hand smoke
Three common types of lung cancer
• Small cell
• Squamous cell
• Adenocarcinoma
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
• None in early stages
• Hemoptysis (coughing up blood-tinged sputum)
• Dyspnea
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
Prognosis and Treatment
• Prognosis is poor because the disease is usually
advanced before it is found.
• Treatment:
▫ Surgical removal
▫ Radiation
▫ Chemotherapy.
Questions to Answer
• Find the worksheet under Anatomy and
Physiology worksheets and answer the following
questions.
• All assignments are due
Monday 3/18/13