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2/3/2015 The Nebular Theory The Nebular Theory These answers are taken from Prentice Hall, Earth Science. ©Copyright 2014. M. J. Krech. All rights reserved. http://www.popsci.com/article/science/astronomerscapture-beautiful-image-distant-planetsforming? src=SOC&dom=fb The 6 Stages: • Theory that states the solar system began as a huge cloud of dust and gas which later condensed to form the sun and planets The 6 Stages: 1. Nebula 4. Protoplanets forming 1. Protosun forming 4. Moons forming 1. Spinning planetary disk 4. Solar system Why does the Nebula Contract? • Shock waves from a nearby supernova explosion What Happens to the Nebula? • Begins to shrink and spin • also begins to flatten 1 2/3/2015 And then... • Protosun begins to take shape in the center • the gravitational forces begin to fuse hydrogen into helium (fusion) and the protosun become a star Inner Protoplanets vs. Outer Protoplanets • Inner protoplanets - most of their lightweight gases are boiled away, • Outer protoplanets - the lightweight gases did not boil away so the appear much larger • Why? the heat from the nearby sun Nebular Theory and Pluto Why Pluto is so different from the other outer planets? Perhaps one of Neptune's moons broke away (or was pushed by an impact) because Pluto appears to be similar to Neptune's moons What about the “stuff” around the protosun? • the largest clumps surrounding the protosun begin to form protoplanets What happens to the smaller clumps? • Newly formed planets begin to cool • The smaller clumps begin to form Moons (Protomoons) The Asteroid Belt & Nebular Theory • The asteroid belt is rocklike objects, found between Mars and Jupiter, that may not have formed into a protoplanet 2 2/3/2015 Oort Cloud • a huge icy cloud called near the very edge of the solar system • astronomers think that other clumps that did not form into planets (or moons or asteroids) • might be the home of Comets The Nebular Theory* of Solar System Formation Interstellar Cloud (Nebula) *It is also called the ‘Protoplanet Theory’. Gravitational Collapse Protosun Heating ⇒ Fusion Sun Leftover Materials Asteroids Protoplanetary Disk Condensation (gas to solid) Metal, Rocks Gases, Ice Accretion Nebular Capture Terrestrial Planets Jovian Planets Leftover Materials Comets 3