Professor Comet: April, 2017
... This is an intermediate region between the outer edge of the Kuiper Belt and the inner edge of the Oort Cloud. This region of the solar system lies beyond the Heliopause and contains very few icy bodies of which many are nearly on the same or similar scale of Pluto & Triton (Neptune’s moon) in terms ...
... This is an intermediate region between the outer edge of the Kuiper Belt and the inner edge of the Oort Cloud. This region of the solar system lies beyond the Heliopause and contains very few icy bodies of which many are nearly on the same or similar scale of Pluto & Triton (Neptune’s moon) in terms ...
CHAPTER 1 Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
... studied the age of the solar system. – You learned that the solar system is filled with small particles called meteoroids, which can fall into Earth’s atmosphere at speeds of 10 to 40 km/s. – Friction with the air heats the meteoroids to glowing, and they vaporize as meteors streaking across the nig ...
... studied the age of the solar system. – You learned that the solar system is filled with small particles called meteoroids, which can fall into Earth’s atmosphere at speeds of 10 to 40 km/s. – Friction with the air heats the meteoroids to glowing, and they vaporize as meteors streaking across the nig ...
Irregular Satellites - Southwest Research Institute
... origin, which is intimately linked with the origin of the planets themselves, is yet to be explained. Here we report a study of the orbital and collisional evolution of the irregular satellites from times after their formation to the present epoch. The purpose of this study is to find out the feature ...
... origin, which is intimately linked with the origin of the planets themselves, is yet to be explained. Here we report a study of the orbital and collisional evolution of the irregular satellites from times after their formation to the present epoch. The purpose of this study is to find out the feature ...
Accretion of Uranus and Neptune from inward
... the only giant planet with a small obliquity. Saturn has a 26 degree obliquity but this is probably due to a spin-orbit resonance with Neptune (Ward and Hamilton, 2004; Hamilton and Ward, 2004; Boue et al., 2009). The terrestrial planets have a quasirandom obliquity distribution due to the giant imp ...
... the only giant planet with a small obliquity. Saturn has a 26 degree obliquity but this is probably due to a spin-orbit resonance with Neptune (Ward and Hamilton, 2004; Hamilton and Ward, 2004; Boue et al., 2009). The terrestrial planets have a quasirandom obliquity distribution due to the giant imp ...
On the Migratory Behavior of Planetary Systems The Harvard
... underwent a period of upheaval, during which giant planets “migrated” from where they formed. This thesis addresses a question key to understanding how planetary systems evolve: is planetary migration typically a smooth, disk-driven process or a violent process involving strong multi-body gravitatio ...
... underwent a period of upheaval, during which giant planets “migrated” from where they formed. This thesis addresses a question key to understanding how planetary systems evolve: is planetary migration typically a smooth, disk-driven process or a violent process involving strong multi-body gravitatio ...
The Dynamical History of Chariklo and its Rings
... photographic plates, which allowed the object’s orbit to be precisely determined. It was soon realised that Chiron followed an unusual path around the Sun, spending the vast majority of its time between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus (Kowai et al. 1979). In the decades since Chiron’s discovery, man ...
... photographic plates, which allowed the object’s orbit to be precisely determined. It was soon realised that Chiron followed an unusual path around the Sun, spending the vast majority of its time between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus (Kowai et al. 1979). In the decades since Chiron’s discovery, man ...
ABSTRACT
... In stable solar systems, planets remain in nearly elliptical orbits around their stars. Over longer timescales, however, their orbital shapes and sizes change due to mutual gravitational perturbations. Orbits of satellites around a planet vary for the same reason. Because of their interactions, the ...
... In stable solar systems, planets remain in nearly elliptical orbits around their stars. Over longer timescales, however, their orbital shapes and sizes change due to mutual gravitational perturbations. Orbits of satellites around a planet vary for the same reason. Because of their interactions, the ...
THE IRREGULAR SATELLITES: THE MOST COLLISIONALLY
... and retrograde orbits in a realm where planetary perturbations are only slightly larger than solar ones. Their size distributions and total numbers are surprisingly comparable to one another, with the observed populations at Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus having remarkably shallow power-law slopes for ...
... and retrograde orbits in a realm where planetary perturbations are only slightly larger than solar ones. Their size distributions and total numbers are surprisingly comparable to one another, with the observed populations at Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus having remarkably shallow power-law slopes for ...
Etymology - Link Observatory
... Although the solid nucleus of comets is generally less than 60 kilometres (37 mi) across, the coma may be thousands or millions of kilometres across, sometimes becoming larger than the Sun. For example, about a month after an outburst in October 2007, comet 17P/Holmes briefly had a tenuous dust atmo ...
... Although the solid nucleus of comets is generally less than 60 kilometres (37 mi) across, the coma may be thousands or millions of kilometres across, sometimes becoming larger than the Sun. For example, about a month after an outburst in October 2007, comet 17P/Holmes briefly had a tenuous dust atmo ...
Ultra Deep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus
... detect objects that appeared in all three images from one night and which had a motion consistent with being beyond the orbit of Jupiter (speeds less than 2000 hr1). Second, all of the fields were examined by visually blinking them on a computer display screen for moving objects again with motions ...
... detect objects that appeared in all three images from one night and which had a motion consistent with being beyond the orbit of Jupiter (speeds less than 2000 hr1). Second, all of the fields were examined by visually blinking them on a computer display screen for moving objects again with motions ...
Oort Cloud Formation and Dynamics
... or less (Gladman and Duncan, 1990; Holman and Wisdom, 1993; Levison and Duncan, 1993; Grazier et al., 1999a,b). The major exception to this rule is in the Kuiper belt, where some orbits remain stable for billions of years (Holman and Wisdom, 1993; Duncan et al., 1995; Kuchner et al., 2002). [Here, w ...
... or less (Gladman and Duncan, 1990; Holman and Wisdom, 1993; Levison and Duncan, 1993; Grazier et al., 1999a,b). The major exception to this rule is in the Kuiper belt, where some orbits remain stable for billions of years (Holman and Wisdom, 1993; Duncan et al., 1995; Kuchner et al., 2002). [Here, w ...
an ultradeep survey for irregular satellites of uranus
... were examined by visually blinking them on a computer display screen for moving objects again with motions indicative of distances beyond Jupiter. We determined the limiting magnitude of the survey in the absence of scattered light from Uranus by placing artificial objects in the fields matched to t ...
... were examined by visually blinking them on a computer display screen for moving objects again with motions indicative of distances beyond Jupiter. We determined the limiting magnitude of the survey in the absence of scattered light from Uranus by placing artificial objects in the fields matched to t ...
Regular and Chaotic Dynamics in the Mean
... the phenomenon referred to as “stable chaos.” It was previously noted that a large number of asteroids have strongly chaotic orbits yet are stable on long intervals of time (Milani and Nobili, 1992; Milani et al., 1997). The main reason for such behavior was revealed by the discovery of the so-calle ...
... the phenomenon referred to as “stable chaos.” It was previously noted that a large number of asteroids have strongly chaotic orbits yet are stable on long intervals of time (Milani and Nobili, 1992; Milani et al., 1997). The main reason for such behavior was revealed by the discovery of the so-calle ...
High-resolution simulations of the final assembly of Earth
... in Table 1. In all cases we follow an r−3/2 surface density profile with total mass in solid bodies between 8.5 and 10 M⊕ . All protoplanets are given small initial eccentricities (≤ 0.02) and inclinations (≤ 1◦ ). (Note that we use the term “protoplanets” to encompass both planetary embryos and pla ...
... in Table 1. In all cases we follow an r−3/2 surface density profile with total mass in solid bodies between 8.5 and 10 M⊕ . All protoplanets are given small initial eccentricities (≤ 0.02) and inclinations (≤ 1◦ ). (Note that we use the term “protoplanets” to encompass both planetary embryos and pla ...
Program with Abstracts - Division on Dynamical Astronomy
... used to establish many features of solar system evolu"on, including the commonly-held belief that the giant planets serve as a shield preven"ng substan"al numbers of planetesimals from entering the inner solar system. Wetherill (1994) in a pioneering work that exploited the Öpik approxima"on as an i ...
... used to establish many features of solar system evolu"on, including the commonly-held belief that the giant planets serve as a shield preven"ng substan"al numbers of planetesimals from entering the inner solar system. Wetherill (1994) in a pioneering work that exploited the Öpik approxima"on as an i ...
Ultra Deep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to
... The Subaru survey observations were obtained when Uranus was near opposition, where the apparent movement is largely parallactic and thus is inversely related to the distance. Objects at the heliocentric distance of Uranus, R ∼ 20 AU, will have an apparent motion of about ∼ 6′′ hr−1 (∼ 30 pixels per ...
... The Subaru survey observations were obtained when Uranus was near opposition, where the apparent movement is largely parallactic and thus is inversely related to the distance. Objects at the heliocentric distance of Uranus, R ∼ 20 AU, will have an apparent motion of about ∼ 6′′ hr−1 (∼ 30 pixels per ...
Pluto Flyby - New Horizons - The Johns Hopkins University Applied
... making a late course correction to detour around any hazards. New Horizons’ six-month encounter with the Pluto system started in January 2015 and culminates in the July flyby. Its suite of seven science instruments — which includes cameras, spectrometers, radio science, and plasma and dust detectors ...
... making a late course correction to detour around any hazards. New Horizons’ six-month encounter with the Pluto system started in January 2015 and culminates in the July flyby. Its suite of seven science instruments — which includes cameras, spectrometers, radio science, and plasma and dust detectors ...
Pluto`s Identity Crisis
... PLUTO: "That is not how I see the other planets. I see them through my slanted orbit. They look like snowflakes swirling in a blizzard, every which way!" NARRATOR: “The journey continued. Icy Comet called out to each planet the same way, and each time the response left Pluto feeling less and less li ...
... PLUTO: "That is not how I see the other planets. I see them through my slanted orbit. They look like snowflakes swirling in a blizzard, every which way!" NARRATOR: “The journey continued. Icy Comet called out to each planet the same way, and each time the response left Pluto feeling less and less li ...
the role of comets in panspermia - ORCA
... delivered within the laboratory, where the survival of bacteria is well-attested. Yet there is great uncertainty as to whether the terrestrial experience of radiation susceptibility could be directly translated to interstellar conditions. In anaerobic conditions with low O2 pressures the effects of ...
... delivered within the laboratory, where the survival of bacteria is well-attested. Yet there is great uncertainty as to whether the terrestrial experience of radiation susceptibility could be directly translated to interstellar conditions. In anaerobic conditions with low O2 pressures the effects of ...
Harmonic Resonances of Planet and Moon Orbits
... 1978; Lissauer and Cuzzi 1982). Moreover, the generalized Titius-Bode law assumes logarithmically spaced planet distances, quantified with the constant geometric progression factor Q (Eq. 6), which turns out to be incorrect for individual planets, but can still be useful as a simple strategy to esti ...
... 1978; Lissauer and Cuzzi 1982). Moreover, the generalized Titius-Bode law assumes logarithmically spaced planet distances, quantified with the constant geometric progression factor Q (Eq. 6), which turns out to be incorrect for individual planets, but can still be useful as a simple strategy to esti ...
dynamical history of the asteroid belt and implications for terrestrial
... Jupiter in several locations in the main belt cause asteroids to follow chaotic orbits, cross the orbits of the major planets, and be removed from the main belt (Wisdom, 1987). These regions are therefore emptied of asteroids over the age of the solar system, forming the well-known Kirkwood gaps (Ki ...
... Jupiter in several locations in the main belt cause asteroids to follow chaotic orbits, cross the orbits of the major planets, and be removed from the main belt (Wisdom, 1987). These regions are therefore emptied of asteroids over the age of the solar system, forming the well-known Kirkwood gaps (Ki ...
Introduction to Comets - Mr. Hill`s Science Website
... Coma — The cloud of gas and dust that forms around a comet's nucleus. Comet — A “dirty snowball” consisting of ices, rocks, and dirt. Dust Tail — Forms when the solar wind separates dust from the coma, pushing it outward away from the Sun. Gas-Ion Tail — Forms when the solar wind separates gases fro ...
... Coma — The cloud of gas and dust that forms around a comet's nucleus. Comet — A “dirty snowball” consisting of ices, rocks, and dirt. Dust Tail — Forms when the solar wind separates dust from the coma, pushing it outward away from the Sun. Gas-Ion Tail — Forms when the solar wind separates gases fro ...
Kuiper belt
The Kuiper belt /ˈkaɪpər/ or /'køypǝr/ (as in Dutch), sometimes called the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, is a region of the Solar System beyond the planets, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but it is far larger—20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies, or remnants from the Solar System's formation. Although many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ""ices""), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea, and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, are also thought to have originated in the region.The Kuiper belt was named after Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper, though he did not actually predict its existence. In 1992, 1992 QB1 was discovered, the first Kuiper belt object (KBO) since Pluto. Since its discovery, the number of known KBOs has increased to over a thousand, and more than 100,000 KBOs over 100 km (62 mi) in diameter are thought to exist. The Kuiper belt was initially thought to be the main repository for periodic comets, those with orbits lasting less than 200 years. However, studies since the mid-1990s have shown that the belt is dynamically stable, and that comets' true place of origin is the scattered disc, a dynamically active zone created by the outward motion of Neptune 4.5 billion years ago; scattered disc objects such as Eris have extremely eccentric orbits that take them as far as 100 AU from the Sun.The Kuiper belt should not be confused with the hypothesized Oort cloud, which is a thousand times more distant and is not flat. The objects within the Kuiper belt, together with the members of the scattered disc and any potential Hills cloud or Oort cloud objects, are collectively referred to as trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs).Pluto is likely the largest and most-massive member of the Kuiper belt and the largest and the second-most-massive known TNO, surpassed only by Eris in the scattered disc. Originally considered a planet, Pluto's status as part of the Kuiper belt caused it to be reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. It is compositionally similar to many other objects of the Kuiper belt, and its orbital period is characteristic of a class of KBOs, known as ""plutinos"", that share the same 2:3 resonance with Neptune.