Download Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of

School / Faculty of VetMed, Teramo
February 11, 2011
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of simple present –
sometimes in its passive form:
Biology (from Ancient Greek: βιολογία: βίος, = “life” + λόγος = “science”) ................ (1. to
be) a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their
structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution and taxonomy.
Biology ................ (2. to be) a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics and
disciplines.
Among the most important topics ................ (3. to be) five unifying principles that can be
said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:
1.
2.
3.
4.
cells ................ (4. to be) the basic unit of life;
new species and inherited traits ................ (5. to be) the product of evolution;
genes ................ (6. to be) the basic unit of heredity;
an organism will regulate its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant
condition;
5. living organisms ...................... (7. to consume) and ...................... (8. to
transform) energy.
Subdisciplines of biology ........................................ (9. to be recognized) on the basis of
the scale at which organisms ................................ (10. to be studied) and the methods
used to study them: biochemistry ........................... (11. to examine) the rudimentary
chemistry of life; molecular biology ............................ (12. to study) the complex
interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology ........................... (13. to
examine) the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology ........................... (14. to
examine) the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an
organism; and ecology ........................... (15. to examine) how various organisms
........................... (16. to interrelate) with their environment.
Biotechnology ................ (17. to be) a field of biology that .......................... (18. to
involve) the use of living things in engineering, technology, medicine, etc. Modern use of the
term ........................ (19. to refer to) genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture
technologies. However, the concept .............................. (20. to encompass) a wider range
and history of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going
back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants and “improvements” to these through
breeding programs that ..................... (21. to employ) artificial selection and hybridization.
By comparison to biotechnology, bioengineering ................................................ (22.
generally / to be thought) of as a related field with its emphasis more on mechanical and higher
systems approaches to interfacing with and exploiting living things. United Nations Convention
on Biological Diversity .................... (23. to define) biotechnology as: “Any technological
application that .................... (24. to use) biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives
thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use”.
Biotechnology .................... (25. to draw) on the pure biological sciences (genetics,
microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology)
and in many instances .................... (26. to be) also dependent on knowledge and methods
from outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information
technology, biorobotics). Conversely, modern biological sciences (including even concepts such
as molecular ecology) ............................................................ (27. intimately / to be
entwined) and dependent on the methods developed through biotechnology and what
................................................... (28. commonly / to be thought) of as the life sciences
industry.
please pay attention to the grammatical collocations highlighted ******
School / Faculty of VetMed, Teramo
February 11, 2011
Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of simple present, present
continuous, simple past or present perfect:
Charles R. Darwin ………………………… (1. to be) an English naturalist. He ………………………… (2. to
establish) that all species of life ………………………… (3. to descend) over time from common
ancestry, and ………………………… (4. to propose) the scientific theory that this branching pattern
of evolution ………………………… (5. to result) from a process that he ………………………… (6. to call)
natural selection.
He ………………………… (7. to publish) his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859
book On the Origin of Species. The scientific community and much of the general public
………………………… (8. to come) to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime. However, it
………………………… (9. not / to be) until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from
the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus ………………………… (10. to develop) that natural
selection ………………………… (11. to be) the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form,
Darwin's scientific discovery ………………………… (12. to be) the unifying theory of the life sciences,
explaining the diversity of life.
Pharmacology (from Greek φάρµακον, “poison in classic Greek; drug in modern Greek”; and λογία, “study of”) ………………………… (13. to be) the branch of medicine and biology concerned
with the study of drug action. More specifically, it ………………………… (14. to be) the study of the
interactions that ………………………… (15. to occur) between a living organism and chemicals that
………………………… (16. to affect) normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances
………………………… (17. to have) medicinal properties, they ……………………………………… (18. to be
considered) pharmaceuticals. The field ………………………… (19. to encompass) drug composition
and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic
capabilities.
Pharmacology as a scientific discipline ……………………………………… (20. not / further /to advance)
until the mid-19th century amid the great biomedical resurgence of that period. Before the
second half of the 19th century, the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs
such as morphine, quinine and digitalis ……………………………………… (21. to be explained) vaguely
and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers and affinities to certain organs or tissues.
The first pharmacology department ………………………… (22. to be set up) by Rudolf Buchheim in
1847, in recognition of the need to understand how therapeutic drugs and poisons
………………………… (23. to produce) their effects.
Early pharmacologists ………………………… (24. to focus) on natural substances, mainly plant
extracts. Pharmacology ………………………… (25. to develop) in the 19th century as a biomedical
science that ………………………… (26. to apply) the principles of scientific experimentation to
therapeutic contexts.
Give the translation of the following:
1. boar
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. buck / doe
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. calving
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. dairy cow
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. dairy products
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. death rate
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. kidding
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. kidney
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. liver
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.
Mammalia
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.
mammals
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
School / Faculty of VetMed, Teramo
February 11, 2011
12.
pyrexia
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.
Rodentia
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14.
rodents
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.
stray animals …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16.
wildlife
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17.
cromosomi
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18.
epidemia
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19.
erpetologo
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20.
giumenta
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21.
influenza leggera
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22.
malattia infettiva
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23.
microscopio
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24.
puledro
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25.
veterinario
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the plural and the Italian translation of the words given in the tables below:
ITALIAN
ITALIAN
1. aquarium
2. body
3. cattle
4. deer
5. fish
6. foot
7. fungus
8. glomerulus
9. genus
10. ox
11. puppy
12. phylum
13. species
14. vaccine
15. virus
16. taxon
Add the missing words in the tables below:
INFINITIVE
PAST
SIMPLE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
1. bear
7. deal
INFINITIVE
PAST SIMPLE
2. feed
become
3.
5.
ITALIAN
caught
4.
6. lead
8. lose
knew
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ITALIAN