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Lipids! But first… Do Now: 10.24. OBJECTIVE: 1. Describe the structure, characteristics, and functions of lipids. TASK: 0: Pass forward enzyme labs: name on each sheet! Melezitose has the chemical formula C18H32O16. 1. What type of macromolecule is it? 2. How many monomers does it contain? 3. What is the chemical formula of polypeptide chain of 101 glycine amino acids? (Each glycine = C3NO2H5) Lipids: What’s a Lipid anyhow? • Lipids come in a variety of shapes and sizes. • The one thing all lipids have in common is the fact that they can’t dissolve in water. They’re hydrophobic. Primary function: A lipid bilayer (the cell membrane) surrounds EVERY LIVING CELL Secondary Function: Long-Term Energy Storage Fats and oils can store lots of energy. Lipids also store hydrophobic vitamins, like Energy Storage What Else do Lipids do? Steroid Hormones / Endocrine Functions Estrogen is the female sex hormone in humans. What Else do Lipids do? Structure Honeybee hives are made out of a type of lipids called waxes What Else do Lipids do? Defense Earwax helps prevent bacterial infections Cell membranes are made of phospholipids Hydrophilic “head” Hydrophobic “tail” A Cell Membrane has lots of phospholipids Cell Membrane = Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Lipid Monomers? • Lipids are not truly made of repeating monomers, like other macromolecules. • Fatty acids are sometimes called the monomers of lipids because they are the building blocks of many (but not all!) lipids Aren’t Fats bad for you? Yes and No… Trans-fatty acids in some processed foods have been linked to heart disease But some are healthy Omega-3 fatty acids common in fish have been shown to HELP cardiovascular health! Fat in the Diet • Saturated fats contain only C-C single bonds… they are saturated with Hydrogen. Usually solid at room temperature (e.g. butter, pork fat, etc.) • Unsaturated fats have one (mono) or more (poly) C=C double bonds. Usually liquid at room temperature (e.g. vegetable oils) • In general, unsaturated fats are more healthful than saturated ones Careful – They store a lot of energy! The bottom line on lipids • Lipids are NOT soluble in water. • Lipids are not truly made of monomers like the other macromolecules. (Fatty acids?) • Lipids have many functions, from earwax to hormones. • Lipids are used for LONG-TERM energy storage, since they can’t be used directly by cells • Cell membranes are made of a lipid bilayer.