Download Basic notions

Basic notions
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Lexeme
Lexical unit
Phraseme
Word
Sememe
Seme
Lexeme
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a bilateral unit – form (written and/or spoken) + meaning (sememe and semes)
a family of lexical units
covers a polysemous word with all its individual meanings
originates in word-formation (e.g. by means of derivation – derivational affixes,
compounding, blending, etc.)
Lexical unit
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the lexical unit as the union of a lexical form and a single sense
refers to one particular meaning of a polysemous word (= a combination of a signifiant
with one signifié within such a polysemous word)
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originates in metonymy and metaphors
EXAMPLE 1
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lexeme fox includes two lexical units: fox1 (animal) and fox2 (person)
EXAMPLE 2
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the lexeme break: break1 (become not whole) vs break2 (cause become not whole).
TASK
Are the following words, lexemes or lexical units? Obey, obeys and obeyed.
Phraseme (phrase)
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a one-word unit
a multi-word unit
refers to constructions from phraseology
does not refer to any of the grammatical terms (noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective
phrase, adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase)
Word vs lexeme
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word = any free morpheme, lexical (nouns, verbs, adjectives) and/or morphological one
(conjunctions, prepositions, articles, etc.), regardless of its meaning and/or function
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lexeme = must express a particular lexical meaning
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word may only have a form (either spoken or written)
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but lexeme must comprise of form and meaning
Sememe vs seme
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the single meaning of a lexical unit
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can be decomposed into semantic components, semantic elements or distinctive
features = semes
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seme = the smallest semantic component
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a complex or hierarchical configuration of semes
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the method of decomposition of a sememe into semes = componential analysis.