Download Carbohydrates Student Weir

HS 20 - Weir
Carbohydrates
What is a Carbohydrate?
 A macronutrient that is the most important source of ______________ for your body
 When you eat carbs your body converts it into _________________________ and uses
this sugar as energy for your cells, tissues and organs.
**Did you know?  Your brain
 They are organic compounds.
runs exclusively on energy from
Carbohydrates!!
Examples of Sugars:
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______________
Lactose
Dextrose
______________
Cellulose
Glucose
**Hint: “______” ending indicates sugar – _______________ are a type of
carbohydrate**
What are the sub-units of Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrate Classification: Carbohydrates are classified by how many
_______________________ they contain. These are the sub-units of carbohydrates.
We will focus on 3 kinds of Carbohydrates:
1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________
3. ____________________________________
Monosaccharides (simple carbohydrate)
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These are the simplest sugars. They contain a ______________ sugar unit.
Mono = 1 , saccharide = sugar
Examples:
___________________ (fruit sugar)
___________________ (blood sugar – the sugar produced when
you digest carbohydrates, also found in some foods)
Disaccharides (simple carbohydrate)
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A carbohydrate with _________ units of sugar
This is the combination of 2 monosaccharides
Di = 2, saccharide = sugar
Examples:
___________________ (table sugar)
___________________ (found in seeds of plants)
___________________ (milk sugar)
How is a disaccharide created?
-
2 monosaccharides come together using a process known as
_____________________________________  which means to put
together while losing __________________.
Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrate)
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these carbs have __________________________ units of sugar linked together
formed by the union of ____________ monosaccharide sub units
Poly = many, saccharide = sugar
Your body takes _____________ to digest a complex carbohydrate than a simple
carbohydrate.
As previously mentioned carbohydrates are the body’s most important fuel source.
ONLY monosaccharides can directly enter the blood stream from the digestive system. Whereas
disaccharides and polysaccharides must be __________________________ before the body
can use them.
For example: Sucrose cannot be used by the body until it is broken down into Glucose &
Fructose. This process is known as _______________________- the chemical breakdown of a
compound due to reaction with water
How does your body digest Carbohydrates?
1) Simple Carbohydrates
 Are composed of 1 – 2 sugar units
 Are the __________________ source of energy, as they are very rapidly broken
down and digested. Enter blood stream immediately.
 This quick digestion cause _____________ levels to spike and the more insulin
we produce the more _______ we store.
**Note: Insulin  A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of
glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
 Because simple carbs provide a very quick source of energy it is often followed
by an extreme ________ of energy.
 Simple carbs can cause mood swings and are _______ in nutrients
 Foods: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2) Complex Carbohydrates
 Made up of _________ sugar units (3 or more)
 They are structurally more complex and therefore take __________________ to
be broken down and digested.
 These enter the blood stream _____________________.
 These trigger only a ___________ rise in blood sugar and insulin which stabilizes
appetite. **This causes less carbs to be stored as fat.**
 Foods: Fruits & Veggies, beans, whole grain pasta, multi-grain bread, etc.
3) Dietary Fiber/Indigestible
 The human body is __________________________________________________
fiber into small enough units to absorb it.
 Since fiber cannot be broken down it is ______a source of energy, but it can
promote health in other ways.
 Fiber helps your body with digestion.
There are 2 types of fiber:
a) _______________ fiber dissolves in water and may help to ________
digestion and help your body absorb vital nutrients from some foods.
b) Insoluble fiber acts as a natural ___________________ (causes bowel
movements)
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Insoluble fiber can benefit those who struggle with
________________________
Eating lots of insoluble fiber also helps keeps you regular, and if you do
get constipated, adding more of it to your diet can get things moving
 Foods: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
How does the body use the sugars produced from Carbohydrates?
 When sugars are ready to be used by the body they will be transported from the
______________________________ to the ____________ via the bloodstream.
 The liver changes all incoming monosaccharides to ____________________.
 The glucose is then transported to the _____________ of the body.
 Cells use glucose as energy for the muscles and to build & repair body tissue
 If the liver has an ________________ of glucose it will store it as glycogen (stores carbs)
 If blood sugar drops, the liver will use the glycogen storage to create more __________.
Carbohydrate Diets:
CARB-RICH DIET:
 Carb-rich diets tend to increase ____________________ & girth
LOW CARB DIET:
 Low-carb diets do promote ______________________________________________ but
can be accompanied by low energy and some long term dangers
Note: When determining the intake of carbohydrates into your diet. It is just as important to
consider the _____________as it is the amount. EX: Simple, complex, Indigestible
What foods contain what nutrients?
Grain Products:
Contain:
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__________________________________
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Fiber
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Minerals
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__________________________________
* Whole grain options are the best
Dairy Products:
Contain:
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Simple carbohydrates
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Protein
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___________________________________
Fruits & Vegetables:
Contain:
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Complex and simple carbohydrates
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___________________________________
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____________________________________
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Water
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Minerals
Sugar Foods & Drinks:
Contain: - Simple Carbohydrates
- _______________________________