Download WORLD STUDIES

WORLD STUDIES
World War II: Extra Review
1. New Deal
 Proposed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 Series of laws to relieve and reform America during the Great Depression
 Great Depression in America spread to a worldwide economic depression
 Worldwide depression led to the rise of dictators in Italy and Germany
2. Worldwide Depression
 Major cause for rise of 1930s dictatorships
 Made worse by countries raising TARIFFS against each other
3. League of Nations
 International body of nations formed by Treaty of Versailles
 Lacked a military unit to enforce its decisions
 Responded to aggression before WWII by condemning the aggressors but
doing nothing about it
4. Fascism
 Type of government that glorifies the state/nation
 Relies on dictatorship/authoritarian leadership – ends political disputes
 People who disagree are locked away and/or killed
 Highly nationalistic and militaristic
 Ex. Italy under Mussolini, Germany under Hitler
5. Totalitarianism
 Government that controls all aspects of people’s lives
 Ex. Germany under Hitler, Soviet Union under Stalin
 Government control of media - propaganda
 Spying and secret police to remove opposition
6. Nuremberg Laws
 Passed in 1935
 Deprived German Jews of citizenship
7. German Violating Treaty of Versailles
 Rearmed itself – building weapons that were banned (i.e. U-boats)
 Remilitarized the Rhineland
 Took over Austria (anschluss was forbidden)
8. Munich Conference
 Meeting to decide the fate of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
 Britain and France agreed to allow Hitler to occupy the Sudetenland
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Appeasement – giving into an aggressor
9. Nazi-Soviet Pact
 Nonaggression agreement between Germany and Soviet Union
 Secretly, they agreed to divide Poland
 Gave Germany freedom to invade Poland
10. Blitzkrieg
 Lightning war
 Begins with Luftwaffe (German air force) attacking
 Followed by fast-moving tanks and troops
 Targeting weak enemy points – breaking through enemy line
 Surrounding clusters of enemy army
11. Invasion of Poland September 1939
 Began WWII in Europe
 Germany used blitzkrieg
 German and Soviet Union split Poland
 Soviet Union also invaded Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
12. Miracle of Dunkirk – spring 1940
 Germany launched surprise through Ardennes Forest, Belgium
 Bypassed Maginot Line (French line of super fortresses)
 Pinned Allied forces on the English Channel at Dunkirk
 Successful evacuation of Allied troops across the Channel to England – lived
to fight another day
13. Vichy Regime
 France fell to the Germans in spring 1940
 Northern part occupied by German Army
 Southern part was a puppet government called VICHY government
 Capital was Vichy, France
14. German Invasion of Soviet Union - 1941
 Violated the Nazi-Soviet Pact
 Hitler wanted access to its natural resources
 Germany invasion halted by harsh Russian winter
 One of Hitler’s biggest mistakes; major factor in Germany losing war
15. Battle of El Alamein - 1942
 Allied victory in North Africa
 Stopped the German advance in North Africa – led to German and Italian
evacuation
16. Tehran Conference 1943
 Meeting of FDR, Churchill, and Stalin – The Big Three
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Stalin dominated the conference and won concessions
FDR and Churchill agreed to open up a front against German on the western
front (i.e. France)
This pushed the Allies to launch D-Day
Prior to this, at another meeting, the Big Three agreed to win the war in
Europe first before focusing on Asia
17. D-Day
 Allied invasion of Normandy – June 6, 1944
 Fulfilled promise by FDR and Churchill to open up a western front against
Germany
 Major success – many Allied troops landed, opened area to bring in supplies
 German air force could not support the army as it was low on fuel (Germany
running low on supplies
18. Battle of the Bulge
 German counterattack against Allied advance from the west
 Named for the bulge it caused in the Allied line in Belgium
 Held up Allied advance toward Germany
 Resulted in many casualties for Allies and Germany
19. Embargo
 Refusal to trade natural resources with Japan (ex. Oil, steel)
 Japan would have run out of supplies and lost control of its empire
 Pushed Japan to launch attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor
20. Home Front U.S.A.
 Efforts taken by American citizens to help the war effort
 Rationing of goods
 Reconfiguring factories to make weapons and ammunition
 Buying war bonds
 Rosie the Riveter – symbol of American women working in factories
21. Island hopping
 Allied strategy in the Pacific
 Picking certain islands for amphibious invasions while bypassing others
 Resulted in northward progression toward Japan
22. Japan in World War II
 Fiercely determined
 Governed by bushido
 Wanted to build and keep an Asian empire
 Willingness to fight to the death
 Kamikaze – suicide pilots who flew bomb-laden planes into U.S. aircraft
carriers
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Defeated by island hopping strategy, heavy bombing, and dropping of atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Japan surrendered
Emperor Hirohito forced to admit that he was human (not a god)
23. Atomic Bombs
 Truman’s decision – drop bombs or amphibious invasion of Japan
 Drops two bombs – Hiroshima – August 6, Nagasaki – August 9
 Warning given to Japan– “Surrender unconditionally or face immediate
destruction”
 Ended the war in the Pacific – caused Japan to surrender
 Caused 110,000 Japanese deaths immediately, no American lives lost
 Saved America and Allies from having to launch D-Day style invasion of
Japan – would have caused many more Japanese and American deaths – Japan
would fight to the death
 Gave America more bargaining power at negotiation table with Soviet Union
after the war
 Long-term psychological effects on Japan – devastating destruction of life and
property, horrible injuries
 Long-term radiation effects – sickness, miscarriages and babies born with
birth defects, cancer for years to come
24. Holocaust
 Mass extermination of Jews and other groups by Hitler
 Plan to fulfill Hitler’s dream of master race
 Planned and recorded in great detail – concentration camps, work camps,
extermination camps
 Unlike any genocide in history
25. Truman Doctrine
 Cold War policy of containment
 Containment – preventing communism from spreading to other nations