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You Dun Goofed
Things you guys did poorly on the Benchmark
1
• In which of the following geographic areas were the first
hominids from the early Paleolithic Era, circa 2 million
BCE, found?
•
•
•
•
A. Neanderthal ("Neander Valley") in Northern Europe
B. Great Rift Valley in East Africa
C. Indus River Valley in South Asia
D. Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia
EAST AFRICA
Global Dispersion of Humankind
HOMINID = HUMAN-LIKE
6
• Which of the following most directly undermines that assertion?
• F. In the few hunting-gathering societies that remain today, men
and women often share in decision making concerning the entire
group.
• G. Rulers of ancient river valley civilizations, such as Egyptian
or Mesopotamian kings, often claimed descent from (or
•pharaohs
Significant
social
affinity with) the
gods. inequalities emerged only after
adoption ofevidence
agriculture
madelater
it possible
some
• H.the
Archaeological
from many
Neolithicfor
settlements
in individuals
the Fertile Crescent
has revealed
increasing
variations
among the
to accumulate
great
amounts
of surplus
size of houses.
some historians
have argued.
• J. wealth,
Some pre-agricultural
archaeological
sites across the world have
yielded evidence of significant disparities in the amount and quality
of objects placed in individual graves.
EGALITARIANISM
8
• Before 600 B.C.E., most early civilizations shared which
of the following characteristics?
• F. Animal herds and portable houses
• G. Large standing armies and elected governments
• H. Urban centers, growing populations, and writing
systems
• J. Caravan trade, underground cities, and large ships
WRITING, CITIES, FOOD
SURPLUS
• A major difference between the social structures of China
and India between 600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E. is?
• A. Confucianism emphasized spiritual advancement for
people who faithfully performed their social duties.
• B. Merchants had the highest social status in India.
• C. Confucian social hierarchy privileged government
officials.
• D. Slaves did most of the agricultural work on large
Indian estates.
SCHOLAR BUREAUCRATS
• Which of the following is true of the Silk Roads?
• A. The Silk Roads linked the entire world into a single trade
network.
• B. The Silk Roads linked the large civilizations on the outer
rim of the Eurasian continent but bypassed the pastoral peoples
of the interior.
• C. The Silk Roads were largely a relay trade route, in which
goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one
merchant along the entire route.
• D. Although important, the Silk Roads never carried as large a
volume of long-distance trade as the American networks.
RELAY TRADE
• What BEST explains why pre-Columbian American
civilizations did not use the wheel?
• F. A lack of large domesticated animals made the wheel
irrelevant.
• G. American civilizations were inherently inferior to AfroEurasian civilizations.
• H. Social norms of the Americas required that only human
females transport heavy goods.
• J. American civilizations had no access to the raw materials
necessary for the production of wheels.
GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM
• In comparison to Han China, all of the city states of
classical Greece possessed…
• F. slave systems that came to associate slavery primarily
with race.
• G. economies less heavily reliant on slaves.
• H. more freedoms for women, including some political
rights.
• J. economies more heavily reliant on slaves.
SLAVE ECONOMIES
•
•
•
•
•
“If a [noble] man puts out the eye of another
The excerpt
theeye
Code
Hammurabi
illustrates
[noble]from
man, his
shall of
be put
out.
he following
breaks anotherabout
[noble]Babylonian
man’s bone, hissociety?
which of Ifthe
bone shall be broken.
If he puts out the eye of a [commoner] or
breaks
the bone of
he shall
pay
F. It made
provision
fora [commoner],
the economic
well-being
of all
[silver] mina.
classes. one
If he puts out the eye of a man’s slave or
break away
the bone
of a man’s
slave,on
he corporal
shall pay punishment.
G. It moved
from
reliance
one-half of its
H. It was value.”
marked by social inequalities.
--Code
of Hammurabi
J. The king
was
regarded as blessed by divine forces.
ONE LAW FOR THEM, AND
ANOTHER ONE FOR US
• Before 600 C.E., all of the following were part of the
Confucian social order EXCEPT…
•
•
•
•
A. loyalty to the ruler
B. filial obedience to one’s father
C. respect for the old
D. marital fidelity by husbands
FILIAL PIETY
• Yu Huan’s purpose in the fictionalized account of the origins
of Buddhism outlined in the passage, was most likely to…
• A. make it easier for his Buddhist readers to convert to Daoism
“What is recorded in the Buddhist scriptures is analogous to the teachings
•contained
B. hintinatthethe
existence
of an
of Buddhist
scripture
of Laozi
[thealternate
founder ofset
Daoism]
in China, and it is
scriptures
that
from
officially
accepted
actually
believed
thatwere
Laozi,different
after having
gonethe
to India,
instructed
the ones
and becamethe
theextent
Buddha.”
•barbarians
C. demonstrate
of missionary and trade links
between China and India
--Yu Huan, Chinese historian, circa 250 C.E.
• D. assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese
cultures
YOU’RE ALL A BUNCH OF
BARBARRIANS
• Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the
Greek way of thinking in the classical era?
•
•
•
•
F. Respect for received wisdom
G. Confidence in human reason
H. Their focus on understanding the Dao
J. Emphasis on the family as the model of the state
REASON, RATIONALITY,
PHILOSOPHY
• We assume that the early governments in the ancient
Middle East was less centralized because of…
• A. divergent and distant trade patterns
• B. the weakness of their armies and the frequency with
which they were defeated by foreign foes
• C. the existence of city-states
• D. the absence of writing
CITY-STATES VS. EMPIRES