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Earth Structure and Motion
Notes and Activities
Earth Structure and Motion Vocabulary
Assignment for Vocabulary
On a separate sheet of paper, list the words and define them using your textbook, a
dictionary, the Internet, or any other source you choose. Just get it done!!!
Once you have defined the words read over each word so that you are able to understand
its meaning.
I will collect and grade your completed list or give a matching QUIZ prior to the test on
this information.
Number each word 1 through 15:
Mantle
Inner Core
Crust
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Density
Volume
Oblate Spheroid
Asthenosphere
Rotation
Outer Core
Hydrosphere
Mass
Circumference
Revolution
Earth Structure
3 Spheres of the Earth
1. _________________________- solid, Interior of the Earth, made of rock.
2. _________________________- liquid, water, oceans, ice caps, lakes, rivers
3. _________________________-gas, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
Interior of the Earth- Pg 12, ESRT
Density
Pressure
Temperature
Depth
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Stiffer Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
As you get deeper into the Earth, the density ______________________, the pressure
______________________, and the temperature ______________________.
The Atmosphere- Pg 14, ESRT
Altitude
Temperature
Pressure
Water Vapor
Concentration
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
As you get higher up in the atmosphere, the temperature ______________________, the
pressure ______________________, and the water vapor concentration
______________________.
Earth Motions
The Earth has two major motions as it travels through space. ________________ is the
spin of the Earth on its axis, while ________________ is the orbit of the Earth around the
Sun.
Rotation
It takes approximately ________________ for the Earth to rotate once on its axis (more
specifically, ____________________________ according to the ESRT). There are
several pieces of evidence showing us that the Earth rotates. The pieces of evidence are
_______________, _______________, and______________________________,
Describe or diagram how each of those three works to demonstrate that the Earth is
rotating:
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
Time
Longitude determines time. The Earth is a _________, so it is 360º around. It takes 24
hours for the Earth to rotate once, so:
360º = 15º per hour
24 hrs
Therefore each standard time zone on Earth is 15º of __________________.
State the time distance between the points:
A and C ________________
C and F ________________
C and D ________________
International Date Line
When crossing the International date line at ________ longitude, not only does the time
change, but the date changes also. Moving west across the International date line, the date
moves ______________ one day. Moving east across the International date line, the date
moves __________ one day.
When it is 0900 hrs, October 3rd on the east side of the Interrnational date line, it is 0800
hrs, October 4th on the west side. This date change keeps time moving continually as the
Earth rotates.
Practice problems (refer to the map on the previous page):
1. When it is 1000 hrs in New York (point C), what time is it in Tokyo?
2. When it is 1530 hrs in Los Angeles (point A), what time is it in Sydney,
Australia?
3. When it is 0800 hrs in Tokyo, what time is it in Portugal (point F)?
4. When it is 0945 in Sydney, Australia, what time is it in New York?
Sunrise and Sunset
The sun generally rises in the______________ and sets in the ______________. These
directions vary with the time of year. During the summer, the sun rises in the
___________________ and sets in the ___________________ while during winter the
sun rises in the ___________________ and sets in the __________________. This keeps
the sun high in the sky during the _____________________ and low in the sky during
the ____________________.
Revolution
Seasons
The axis of the Earth is tilted ________º from perpendicular to the plane of revolution.
That tilt gives us _________________ on Earth. These _________________, along with
the concept of _________________ gives us evidence that the Earth revolves around the
Sun.
During the summer the North Pole is generally pointing ___________________ the Sun.
The first day of summer is __________________ and is called the
_____________________________. On that day, the direct rays of the Sun are shining
on __________. This line of latitude is called the ______________________________.
During the winter the South Pole is generally pointing ___________________ the Sun.
The first day of winter is __________________ and is called the
_____________________________. On that day, the direct rays of the Sun are shining
on __________. This line of latitude is called the ______________________________.
On the first day of spring and fall, the direct rays of the Sun are on the
_______________. The first day of spring is _______________________ and is called
the _____________________________. The first day of fall (autumn) is
_______________________ and is called the _____________________________.
Parallax
Distant stars appear in different places in the sky during different times of the year. This
is called parallax. The angle to the star from each location makes it appear in different
parts of the sky.
Sample Regents Questions