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Extinction of Species Extinction of Species • 5 mass extinctions within the last 500 million years • Dinosaurs survived the last mass extinction - lead to evolution of some vertebrates The Sixth Mass Extinction • Homo sapiens are driving the next mass extinction event • 50,000 years ago when the first humans spread out of Africa across to Asia, Europe and Australia started this event • Fire has been a catalyst in destroying megafauna Preventing extinction by preserving genetic diversity • Populations with reduced diversity face increased risk of extinction – more efforts are focused on conservation • Large scale extinction: – Not all species lost – Larger organisms lost rather than smaller ones – Larger populations more resilient than smaller ones because of diverse gene pool and greater differentiation in alleles to cope with selection pressures Conservation Reserves • Reserves used to protect endangered species that are at risk from predation and human influence • Management of reserve must be carefully considered – Single large reserves or several small ones (SLOSS) – Population size required for long term survival Yellow-bellied glider • Recovery plan set up by the Federal Government has identified that: – Gene flow of population is affected by dispersal of gliders between areas of habitat – National reserve area can also be used to study conservation of many other plants and animals which many not survive in smaller areas Small Reserves and Wildlife Corridors • Wildlife corridors link isolated conservation areas • Allows animals to move to new locations when resources are low, facilitates seasonal migration and permit interbreeding (good for gene flow) • Controversial idea as some environmental experts claim that green corridors are not adequate for endangered species Questions • Complete questions page 204 • Read the case study on pages 202-203 and answer the questions • This is all exam and test practice!!