Download Study Guide for Chapter 4---Growth and Survival

Study Guide for Chapter 4---Growth and Survival
Vocabulary Words you should know
Exoskeleton: are hard skeletons on the outside of their bodies.
Reproduction: living things can make other living things similar to themselves.
Spiracle: are holes in the insect’s body which allows oxygen to go directly to body tissue
Stomata: microscopic holes located in the leaves of a plant.
Adaptation: is a characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its
environment.
Genes: are instructions that determine how the plant grows.
Mutation: which is a random change in a gene.
Natural Selection: when a mutation helps a plant or animal survive in its environment, it has a
better chance to live and reproduce.
Succession: is the predictable order of changes in communities after a changes occurs.
Extinct species: a species has no members left that are alive
Metamorphosis: the process of an animal changing form during its life cycle
What is the difference between structural adaptation and behavioral
adaptation?
Structural---useful changes in the body parts of an animal , behavioral---are adaptation
are inherited behavior that help animals survive.
What do the following parts of the flower do? (ANTHER, OVULE,
STIGMA, and SEPAL)
Anther: *contains the pollen
Ovule: *this will become the seed
Stigma: *the receptacle for the pollen
Sepal: *modified leaves that surround the flower when it is still a bud
What are three ways animals can get oxygen? Gills, lungs, and spiracles
Why might plants be different from their parents? They inherit genes from
both parents and the parents might have different characteristics.
What happens to a plant if the mutation is harmful?
*it is less likely to survive or have offspring
How are lungs and gills alike and different?
*in both, oxygen is transported directly though circulatory system to the cells. But
lungs take in oxygen from the air, and gills take in oxygen from the water.
Name three animals that have exoskeletons:
*lobsters, cicadas, dung beetles, crabs (insects and spiders)
How are on exoskeleton and a plant stem alike?
*they both give support and protection
When does succession occur? *when an environment changes
What in one structural adaption of most animals that hunt?
*eyes in the front of their head
Give me an example of a structural adaptation of an animal?
*anything that is on an animals body that helps it survive
Give me an example of a behavioral adaptation of an animal?
*any behavior that helps an animal survive
Why might a species become extinct?
*if the species cannot adapt to changes in its environment or cannot move to a new
environment
What are two ways animals are adapted to seasonal changes?
*hibernation and migration
What is the difference between instincts and learned behaviors?
*instincts are inherited and present from birth and learned behaviors come from trial and error or by
watching others
What kind of animals go through metamorphosis? *amphibians and insects
What happens in each stage of the amphibian?
Egg/Embryo—eggs are laid in water by adult
Tadpole --- is known as the frog larva, has a tail and fins, breathes with gills
Tadpole w/ 2 legs --- hind legs develop at 5 weeks, breathes with gills
Tadpole start pulmonary breathing---lungs start developing, tail is getting shorter, and
developing all 4 legs
Tadpole/Frog (froglet)----move to land, no gills, tail is almost gone
Adult Frog---no tail, lungs, looks like parents, moved completely to land
What is the difference between complete metamorphosis and incomplete
metamorphosis?
*Complete—the animal looks complete different in each stage
*Incomplete---the animal in the larva stage looks similar to the adult but does not have
wings.
What is molting? And when does it happen?
*A shedding of the outer covering a few times during the larva stage
What kind of animals go through complete metamorphosis?*butterflies, ants,
bees, flies, and beetles
What kind of animals go through incomplete metamorphosis?
*dragonflies, grass hoppers, and cockroaches